Broadband emission in Er<sup>3+</sup>-Tm<sup>3+</sup> codoped tellurite fibre

Lihui Huang; Animesh Jha; Shaoxiong Shen; Xiaobo Liu

doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.002429

Abstract

The visible and near infrared emission spectra of Er³⁺-Tm³⁺- codoped tellurite glasses and fibres were measured with the excitation of an 800 nm laser. A broad emission extending from 1.35 µm to 1.6 µm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ~160 nm was recorded in a 24 cm long 0.2 wt% Er₂O₃ and 1.0 wt% Tm₂O₃ codoped tellurite fibre. Energy transfer between Er³⁺ and Tm³⁺ play important roles in the luminescence mechanism. These results indicate that Er³⁺-Tm³⁺ codoped tellurite fibre could be a promising material for broadband light source and broadband amplifier for the wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems.

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References

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M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]
W. J. Lee, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S+ band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifier,” in Conference on Optical Fiber Communications 2001, TuQ5-1-4.
S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]
H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]
D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]
S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]
Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]
W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (2)

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

1995 (2)

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

1989 (1)

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Adam, J. L.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Cid, B.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

de Araujo, B.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Han, S. R.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Hanada, T.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Jeong, H.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Jha, A.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kanamori, T.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Kobayashi, K.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Lee, W. J.

W. J. Lee, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S+ band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifier,” in Conference on Optical Fiber Communications 2001, TuQ5-1-4.

Lozano, W.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Madigou, V.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Messaddeq, Y.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Mori, A.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Morse, T. F.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Nishida, Y.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Oh, K.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ohishi, Y.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Oikawa, K.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Ono, Y.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Petrin, R. R.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Shen, S.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Shikida, Aki

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

Sibley, W. A.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Soga, N.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Suscavage, M. J.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Suzuki, K.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Tanabe, S.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Toratani, Hisayoshi

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

Wilson, E.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Yamada, M.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Yanagita, Hiroaki

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

Yeh, D. C.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Zhang, E.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Zou, Xuelu

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

C. R. Chimie (1)

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Chem. Phys. Lett. (1)

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

J. Lumin. (1)

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2)

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B (1)

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Other (1)

W. J. Lee, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S+ band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifier,” in Conference on Optical Fiber Communications 2001, TuQ5-1-4.

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Fig. 1. The absorption spectra of 0.2 wt% Er₂O₃ and 0.2 wt% Tm₂O₃ co-doped tellurite glass (thickness=4.38 mm) at room temperature. A is the absorption (¹⁰log(I/I₀).

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Fig. 2. The normalized near infrared emission spectra of Er³⁺ singly doped and codoped with Tm³⁺ tellurite glasses with the excitation of an 800 nm laser.

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Fig. 3. The normalized near infrared emission spectra of 0.2 wt% Er₂O₃ and 1.0 wt% Tm₂O₃ co-doped tellurite unclad fibres with different fibre length under the excitation of an 800 nm laser.

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Fig. 4. The visible upconversion emission spectra of Er³⁺-doped and Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-codoped tellurite glasses excited by 800 laser.

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Fig. 5. Energy level diagram of Er³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions and the near infrared and visible upconversion luminescence mechanisms of Er³⁺ and Tm³⁺ codoped tellurite glasses and fibres with an 800 nm laser excitation at room temperature. The solid lines stand for the absorption and emission transitions for Er³⁺ and Tm³⁺ ions. The dashed lines represent the nonradiative relaxations. The curves stand for energy transfers (cross relaxations) between Tm³⁺ and Er³⁺.

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Equations (6)

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{Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}H_{4}, {Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}I_{15 ⁄ 2} \to {Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}H_{6}, {Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}I_{9 ⁄ 2},

{Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}I_{11 ⁄ 2}, {Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}H_{6} \to {Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}I_{15 ⁄ 2}, {Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}H_{5},

{Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}I_{13 ⁄ 2}, {Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}H_{6} \to {Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}I_{15 ⁄ 2}, {Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}F_{4},

{Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}F_{4}, {Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}I_{11 ⁄ 2} \to {Tm}^{3 +} : {}^{3}H_{6}, {Er}^{3 +} : {}^{4}F_{9 ⁄ 2} .

W_{ET} = 1 ⁄ τ_{f} - 1 ⁄ τ_{0},

η_{ET} = 1 - τ_{f} ⁄ τ_{0} .

Abstract

References

2003 (1)

2002 (2)

1998 (1)

1995 (2)

1989 (1)

Adam, J. L.

Cid, B.

de Araujo, B.

Han, S. R.

Hanada, T.

Jeong, H.

Jha, A.

Kanamori, T.

Kobayashi, K.

Lee, W. J.

Lozano, W.

Madigou, V.

Messaddeq, Y.

Mori, A.

Morse, T. F.

Nishida, Y.

Oh, K.

Ohishi, Y.

Oikawa, K.

Ono, Y.

Petrin, R. R.

Shen, S.

Shikida, Aki

Sibley, W. A.

Soga, N.

Suscavage, M. J.

Suzuki, K.

Tanabe, S.

Toratani, Hisayoshi

Wilson, E.

Yamada, M.

Yanagita, Hiroaki

Yeh, D. C.

Zhang, E.

Zou, Xuelu

C. R. Chimie (1)

Chem. Phys. Lett. (1)

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

J. Lumin. (1)

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2)

Phys. Rev. B (1)

Other (1)

Cited By

Figures (5)

Equations (6)

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