Abstract

The visible and near infrared emission spectra of Er3+-Tm3+- codoped tellurite glasses and fibres were measured with the excitation of an 800 nm laser. A broad emission extending from 1.35 µm to 1.6 µm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ~160 nm was recorded in a 24 cm long 0.2 wt% Er2O3 and 1.0 wt% Tm2O3 codoped tellurite fibre. Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ play important roles in the luminescence mechanism. These results indicate that Er3+-Tm3+ codoped tellurite fibre could be a promising material for broadband light source and broadband amplifier for the wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems.

© 2004 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  2. W. J. Lee, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S+ band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifier,” in Conference on Optical Fiber Communications 2001, TuQ5-1-4.
  3. S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  4. H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  5. D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
    [Crossref]
  6. S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
    [Crossref]
  7. Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
    [Crossref]
  8. W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
    [Crossref]

2003 (1)

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (2)

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

1995 (2)

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

1989 (1)

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Adam, J. L.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Cid, B.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

de Araujo, B.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Han, S. R.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Hanada, T.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Jeong, H.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Jha, A.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kanamori, T.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Kobayashi, K.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Lee, W. J.

W. J. Lee, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S+ band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifier,” in Conference on Optical Fiber Communications 2001, TuQ5-1-4.

Lozano, W.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Madigou, V.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Messaddeq, Y.

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Mori, A.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Morse, T. F.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Nishida, Y.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Oh, K.

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ohishi, Y.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Oikawa, K.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Ono, Y.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Petrin, R. R.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Shen, S.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Shikida, Aki

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

Sibley, W. A.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Soga, N.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Suscavage, M. J.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Suzuki, K.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Tanabe, S.

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

Toratani, Hisayoshi

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

Wilson, E.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Yamada, M.

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

Yanagita, Hiroaki

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

Yeh, D. C.

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Zhang, E.

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Zou, Xuelu

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

C. R. Chimie (1)

S. Shen, A. Jha, E. Zhang, and E. Wilson, “Composition effects and spectroscopy of rare earths (Er3+, Tm3+, and Nd3+) in telluride glasses,” C. R. Chimie 5, 921 (2002).
[Crossref]

Chem. Phys. Lett. (1)

H. Jeong, K. Oh, S. R. Han, and T. F. Morse, “Characterization of broadband amplified spontaneous emission from a Er3+-Tm3+ co-doped silica fiber,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 367, 507 (2003).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

M. Yamada, A. Mori, K. Kobayashi, Y. Ono, T. Kanamori, K. Oikawa, Y. Nishida, and Y. Ohishi, “Gain-flattened telluride-based EDFA with a flat amplication bandwidth of 76 nm,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 10, 1244 (1998).
[Crossref]

J. Lumin. (1)

S. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, N. Soga, and T. Hanada, “Mechanisms and concentration dependence of Tm3+ blue and Er3+ green up-conversion in codoped glasses by red-laser pumping,” J. Lumin. 65, 247 (1995).
[Crossref]

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2)

Xuelu Zou, Aki Shikida, Hiroaki Yanagita, and Hisayoshi Toratani, “Mechanisms of upconversion fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ codoped fluorozircoaluminate glasses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 181, 100 (1995).
[Crossref]

W. Lozano, B. Cid, B. de Araujo, and Y. Messaddeq, “Enhanced frequency upconversion in Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass due to energy transfer from Tm3+,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 311, 318 (2002).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B (1)

D. C. Yeh, R. R. Petrin, W. A. Sibley, V. Madigou, J. L. Adam, and M. J. Suscavage, “Energy transfer between Er3+ and Tm3+ ions in a barium fluoride-thorium fluoride glass,” Phys. Rev. B 39, 80 (1989).
[Crossref]

Other (1)

W. J. Lee, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S+ band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifier,” in Conference on Optical Fiber Communications 2001, TuQ5-1-4.

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

The absorption spectra of 0.2 wt% Er2O3 and 0.2 wt% Tm2O3 co-doped tellurite glass (thickness=4.38 mm) at room temperature. A is the absorption (10log(I/I0).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

The normalized near infrared emission spectra of Er3+ singly doped and codoped with Tm3+ tellurite glasses with the excitation of an 800 nm laser.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

The normalized near infrared emission spectra of 0.2 wt% Er2O3 and 1.0 wt% Tm2O3 co-doped tellurite unclad fibres with different fibre length under the excitation of an 800 nm laser.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

The visible upconversion emission spectra of Er3+-doped and Er3+-Tm3+-codoped tellurite glasses excited by 800 laser.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Energy level diagram of Er3+ and Tm3+ ions and the near infrared and visible upconversion luminescence mechanisms of Er3+ and Tm3+ codoped tellurite glasses and fibres with an 800 nm laser excitation at room temperature. The solid lines stand for the absorption and emission transitions for Er3+ and Tm3+ ions. The dashed lines represent the nonradiative relaxations. The curves stand for energy transfers (cross relaxations) between Tm3+ and Er3+.

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

Tm 3 + : H 4 3 , Er 3 + : I 15 ⁄ 2 4 → Tm 3 + : H 6 3 , Er 3 + : I 9 ⁄ 2 4 ,
Er 3 + : I 11 ⁄ 2 4 , Tm 3 + : H 6 3 → Er 3 + : I 15 ⁄ 2 4 , Tm 3 + : H 5 3 ,
Er 3 + : I 13 ⁄ 2 4 , Tm 3 + : H 6 3 → Er 3 + : I 15 ⁄ 2 4 , Tm 3 + : F 4 3 ,
Tm 3 + : F 4 3 , Er 3 + : I 11 ⁄ 2 4 → Tm 3 + : H 6 3 , Er 3 + : F 9 ⁄ 2 4 .
W ET = 1 ⁄ τ f − 1 ⁄ τ 0 ,
η ET = 1 − τ f ⁄ τ 0 .

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