Abstract

We describe a femtosecond pulse shaper using a deformable membrane mirror. The pulses are measured with a real time second-harmonic-generation frequency-resolved optical gating system. Pulse shapes are modified according to a prescribed spectral phase. Accurate spectral phase design as well as pulse intensity modulation was achieved by using negative feedback mirror-surface control. Convergence to the chosen spectral phase design was typically achieved within several seconds.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. A. Weiner, “Pulse shaping using LCD light modulators” IEEE JQE 28, 908 (1992).
    [Crossref]
  2. T. Brixner, A. Oehrlein, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping” Appl. Phys. B 70: S119–S124 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  3. E. Zeek, K. Maginnis, S. Backus, U. Russek, M. Murnane, G. Mourou, H. Kapteyn, and G. Vdovin, “Pulse compression by use of deformable mirrors” Opt. Lett. 24, 493–495 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  4. D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K. L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  5. K. Ohno, T. Tanabe, and F. Kannari, “Adaptive pulse shaping of phase and amplitude of an amplified femtosecond pulse laser by direct reference to frequency-resolved optical gating traces” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 19, 2781–2790 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  6. C. Dorrer and F. Salin, “Characterization of spectral phase modulation by classical and polarization spectral interferometry” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 15, 2331–2337 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  7. OKO Technologies, P.O. Box 2600 AN Delft, The Netherlands.
  8. J. Garduño-Mejía, E. Ramsay, A. Greenaway, and D.T Reid, “Real time femtosecond optical pulse measurement using a video-rate frequency resolved optical gating system” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3624–3627 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  9. D. J. Kane, “Real-time measurement of ultrashort laser pulses using principal components generalised projections” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 4, 278–284 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  10. D. J. Kane, G. Rodriguez, A. J. Taylor, and T. S. Clement, “Simultaneous measurement of two ultrashort laser pulses from a single spectrogram in a single shot” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 935–943 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  11. R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
    [Crossref]

2003 (1)

J. Garduño-Mejía, E. Ramsay, A. Greenaway, and D.T Reid, “Real time femtosecond optical pulse measurement using a video-rate frequency resolved optical gating system” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3624–3627 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

K. Ohno, T. Tanabe, and F. Kannari, “Adaptive pulse shaping of phase and amplitude of an amplified femtosecond pulse laser by direct reference to frequency-resolved optical gating traces” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 19, 2781–2790 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K. L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

T. Brixner, A. Oehrlein, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping” Appl. Phys. B 70: S119–S124 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

1998 (2)

D. J. Kane, “Real-time measurement of ultrashort laser pulses using principal components generalised projections” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 4, 278–284 (1998).
[Crossref]

C. Dorrer and F. Salin, “Characterization of spectral phase modulation by classical and polarization spectral interferometry” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 15, 2331–2337 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (2)

D. J. Kane, G. Rodriguez, A. J. Taylor, and T. S. Clement, “Simultaneous measurement of two ultrashort laser pulses from a single spectrogram in a single shot” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 935–943 (1997).
[Crossref]

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

A. Weiner, “Pulse shaping using LCD light modulators” IEEE JQE 28, 908 (1992).
[Crossref]

Backus, S.

Brixner, T.

T. Brixner, A. Oehrlein, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping” Appl. Phys. B 70: S119–S124 (2000).
[Crossref]

Clement, T. S.

DeLong, K. W.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

Dorrer, C.

C. Dorrer and F. Salin, “Characterization of spectral phase modulation by classical and polarization spectral interferometry” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 15, 2331–2337 (1998).
[Crossref]

Fittinghoff, D. N.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

Frey, S.

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K. L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

Garduño-Mejía, J.

J. Garduño-Mejía, E. Ramsay, A. Greenaway, and D.T Reid, “Real time femtosecond optical pulse measurement using a video-rate frequency resolved optical gating system” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3624–3627 (2003).
[Crossref]

Gerber, G.

T. Brixner, A. Oehrlein, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping” Appl. Phys. B 70: S119–S124 (2000).
[Crossref]

Greenaway, A.

J. Garduño-Mejía, E. Ramsay, A. Greenaway, and D.T Reid, “Real time femtosecond optical pulse measurement using a video-rate frequency resolved optical gating system” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3624–3627 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kane, D. J.

D. J. Kane, “Real-time measurement of ultrashort laser pulses using principal components generalised projections” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 4, 278–284 (1998).
[Crossref]

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

D. J. Kane, G. Rodriguez, A. J. Taylor, and T. S. Clement, “Simultaneous measurement of two ultrashort laser pulses from a single spectrogram in a single shot” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 935–943 (1997).
[Crossref]

Kannari, F.

K. Ohno, T. Tanabe, and F. Kannari, “Adaptive pulse shaping of phase and amplitude of an amplified femtosecond pulse laser by direct reference to frequency-resolved optical gating traces” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 19, 2781–2790 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kapteyn, H.

Kompa, K. L.

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K. L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

Krumbugel, M A.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

Maginnis, K.

Motzkus, M.

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K. L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

Mourou, G.

Murnane, M.

Oehrlein, A.

T. Brixner, A. Oehrlein, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping” Appl. Phys. B 70: S119–S124 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ohno, K.

K. Ohno, T. Tanabe, and F. Kannari, “Adaptive pulse shaping of phase and amplitude of an amplified femtosecond pulse laser by direct reference to frequency-resolved optical gating traces” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 19, 2781–2790 (2002).
[Crossref]

Ramsay, E.

J. Garduño-Mejía, E. Ramsay, A. Greenaway, and D.T Reid, “Real time femtosecond optical pulse measurement using a video-rate frequency resolved optical gating system” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3624–3627 (2003).
[Crossref]

Reid, D.T

J. Garduño-Mejía, E. Ramsay, A. Greenaway, and D.T Reid, “Real time femtosecond optical pulse measurement using a video-rate frequency resolved optical gating system” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3624–3627 (2003).
[Crossref]

Richman, B. A.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

Rodriguez, G.

Russek, U.

Salin, F.

C. Dorrer and F. Salin, “Characterization of spectral phase modulation by classical and polarization spectral interferometry” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 15, 2331–2337 (1998).
[Crossref]

Strehle, M.

T. Brixner, A. Oehrlein, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping” Appl. Phys. B 70: S119–S124 (2000).
[Crossref]

Sweetser, J. N.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

Tanabe, T.

K. Ohno, T. Tanabe, and F. Kannari, “Adaptive pulse shaping of phase and amplitude of an amplified femtosecond pulse laser by direct reference to frequency-resolved optical gating traces” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 19, 2781–2790 (2002).
[Crossref]

Taylor, A. J.

Trebino, R.

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

Vdovin, G.

Weiner, A.

A. Weiner, “Pulse shaping using LCD light modulators” IEEE JQE 28, 908 (1992).
[Crossref]

Zeek, E.

Zeidler, D.

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K. L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. B (1)

T. Brixner, A. Oehrlein, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled femtosecond pulse shaping” Appl. Phys. B 70: S119–S124 (2000).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. (1)

D. J. Kane, “Real-time measurement of ultrashort laser pulses using principal components generalised projections” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. Electron. 4, 278–284 (1998).
[Crossref]

IEEE JQE (1)

A. Weiner, “Pulse shaping using LCD light modulators” IEEE JQE 28, 908 (1992).
[Crossref]

J. Op. Soc. Am. B (2)

K. Ohno, T. Tanabe, and F. Kannari, “Adaptive pulse shaping of phase and amplitude of an amplified femtosecond pulse laser by direct reference to frequency-resolved optical gating traces” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 19, 2781–2790 (2002).
[Crossref]

C. Dorrer and F. Salin, “Characterization of spectral phase modulation by classical and polarization spectral interferometry” J. Op. Soc. Am. B 15, 2331–2337 (1998).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Opt. Lett. (1)

Phys. Rev. A (1)

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K. L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2)

J. Garduño-Mejía, E. Ramsay, A. Greenaway, and D.T Reid, “Real time femtosecond optical pulse measurement using a video-rate frequency resolved optical gating system” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74, 3624–3627 (2003).
[Crossref]

R. Trebino, K. W. DeLong, D. N. Fittinghoff, J. N. Sweetser, M A. Krumbugel, B. A. Richman, and D. J. Kane, “Measuring ultrashort laser pulses in the time-frequency domain using frequency-resolved optical gating” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3277 (1997).
[Crossref]

Other (1)

OKO Technologies, P.O. Box 2600 AN Delft, The Netherlands.

Supplementary Material (7)

» Media 1: AVI (1144 KB)     
» Media 2: AVI (579 KB)     
» Media 3: AVI (321 KB)     
» Media 4: AVI (1035 KB)     
» Media 5: AVI (942 KB)     
» Media 6: AVI (697 KB)     
» Media 7: AVI (819 KB)     

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Figures (11)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the adaptive-optic femtosecond pulse shaper. DG: diffraction grating; CM: concave mirror; DM: deformable mirror; PC: personal computer

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Video-rate SHG-FROG system

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Flow chart illustrating the negative feedback pulse-shaping scheme

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Image of the pulse-shaper interface windows

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. (1.14 MB) Movie of pulse compression: Before shaping the pulse incident on the pulse shaper was substantially chirped but after shaping to a flat target spectral phase the pulse was compressed.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (579 KB) Movie of near-quadratic spectral phase design: Shaping started from an arbitrary pulse with a small amount of spectral phase distortion and converged on a near-quadratic target phase.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. (321 KB) Movie of nonlinearly chirped pulse design: The target spectral phase had a near-sinusoidal form corresponding to a double pulse.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. (1.035 MB) Movie of near-cubic spectral phase design: the target phase had an approximately cubic form that led to an asymmetrical temporal profile with one extended edge.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. (942 KB) Movie of pulse compression at small resolution: Shaping began with a shorter pulse than used in Fig. 5 and the scales are adjusted to show higher spectral phase resolution. After shaping the spectral phase of the compressed pulse matched the target phase with a RMS difference of 4×10-5.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. (697 KB) Movie of near-quadratic phase design at fine resolution: Shaping started with an arbitrary pulse and converged to a near-quadratic target phase profile with a variation of ~0.1 radians across the pulse bandwidth.

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. (819 KB) Movie of non-linear chirp design at a resolution of less than 0.1 rad: Shaping was started from a short arbitrary pulse and converged to a near-sinusoidal target profile. The shaped pulse was broadened by a small amount and showed extended wings.

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Equations (1)

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Δ V ( ω ) = K Δ ϕ ( ω )

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