Abstract

Two structures are analyzed with numerical modeling as candidates for perpendicular coupling of optical signals from a dielectric waveguide to a photonic bandgap (PBG) waveguide. The first consists of a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) grating and PBG mirror to couple power out of the dielectric waveguide, along with a circular-like lens to couple that power into the PBG waveguide. The second consists of a slanted inline fiber Bragg grating to couple power out of the dielectric waveguide, and a graded-index (GRIN) lens to couple that power into the PBG waveguide. Power transfer efficiencies of 50% and 71%, respectively, are reported. Such structures would be useful in WDM applications, and/or where circuit real estate restrictions demand coupling perpendicular to the dielectric guide over small distances.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. A. Mekis and J.D. Joannopoulos, “Tapered Couplers for Efficient Interfacing Between Dielectric and Photonic Crystal Waveguides,” J. Light. Tech..  19, 861–865 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  2. R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  3. Y. Xu, R.K. Lee, and A. Yariv, “Adiabatic Coupling Between Conventional Dielectric Waveguides and Waveguides with Discrete Translational Symmetry,” Opt. Lett. 25, 755–757 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  4. R.W Ziolkoski and T. Liang, “Design and Characterization of a Grating-Assisted Coupler Enhanced by a Photonic-Band-Gap Structure for Effective Wavelength-Division Multiplexing,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1033–1035 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  5. A. Taflove, Computational Electromagnetics (Artech, Norwood, MA, 1995).
  6. D. C. Wittwer and R. W. Ziolkowski, “Two time-derivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) formulation of a Maxwellian absorbing layer matched to a lossy media,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop. 48, 192–199 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  7. J.R. Wait, Wave Propagation Theory (Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY, 1981).

2001 (1)

A. Mekis and J.D. Joannopoulos, “Tapered Couplers for Efficient Interfacing Between Dielectric and Photonic Crystal Waveguides,” J. Light. Tech..  19, 861–865 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (3)

R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
[Crossref]

D. C. Wittwer and R. W. Ziolkowski, “Two time-derivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) formulation of a Maxwellian absorbing layer matched to a lossy media,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop. 48, 192–199 (2000).
[Crossref]

Y. Xu, R.K. Lee, and A. Yariv, “Adiabatic Coupling Between Conventional Dielectric Waveguides and Waveguides with Discrete Translational Symmetry,” Opt. Lett. 25, 755–757 (2000).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

De Ridder, R.M.

R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
[Crossref]

Hoekstra, H.J.W.M.

R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
[Crossref]

Joannopoulos, J.D.

A. Mekis and J.D. Joannopoulos, “Tapered Couplers for Efficient Interfacing Between Dielectric and Photonic Crystal Waveguides,” J. Light. Tech..  19, 861–865 (2001).
[Crossref]

Lee, R.K.

Liang, T.

Mekis, A.

A. Mekis and J.D. Joannopoulos, “Tapered Couplers for Efficient Interfacing Between Dielectric and Photonic Crystal Waveguides,” J. Light. Tech..  19, 861–865 (2001).
[Crossref]

Stoffer, R.

R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
[Crossref]

Taflove, A.

A. Taflove, Computational Electromagnetics (Artech, Norwood, MA, 1995).

Van Beckum, F.P.H.

R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
[Crossref]

Van Groesen, E.

R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
[Crossref]

Wait, J.R.

J.R. Wait, Wave Propagation Theory (Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY, 1981).

Wittwer, D. C.

D. C. Wittwer and R. W. Ziolkowski, “Two time-derivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) formulation of a Maxwellian absorbing layer matched to a lossy media,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop. 48, 192–199 (2000).
[Crossref]

Xu, Y.

Yariv, A.

Ziolkoski, R.W

Ziolkowski, R. W.

D. C. Wittwer and R. W. Ziolkowski, “Two time-derivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) formulation of a Maxwellian absorbing layer matched to a lossy media,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop. 48, 192–199 (2000).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop. (1)

D. C. Wittwer and R. W. Ziolkowski, “Two time-derivative Lorentz material (2TDLM) formulation of a Maxwellian absorbing layer matched to a lossy media,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Prop. 48, 192–199 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. Light. Tech. (1)

A. Mekis and J.D. Joannopoulos, “Tapered Couplers for Efficient Interfacing Between Dielectric and Photonic Crystal Waveguides,” J. Light. Tech..  19, 861–865 (2001).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (2)

Opt. Quantum Electron. (1)

R. Stoffer, H.J.W.M. Hoekstra, R.M. De Ridder, E. Van Groesen, and F.P.H. Van Beckum, “Numerical Studies of 2D Photonic Crystals: Waveguides, Coupling Between Waveguides and Filters,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 32, 947–961 (2000).
[Crossref]

Other (2)

A. Taflove, Computational Electromagnetics (Artech, Norwood, MA, 1995).

J.R. Wait, Wave Propagation Theory (Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY, 1981).

Supplementary Material (2)

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. First configuration: circular lens and wedge with side-mounted PEC coupler.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (2.23 MB) Movie of the electric field intensity coupling from the dielectric guide into the circular lens and wedge structure discussed in section 3.1.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Second configuration: inline slanted fiber Bragg grating and GRIN lens.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (1.98 MB) Movie of the electric field intensity coupling from the dielectric guide into the GRIN lens structure discussed in section 4.1.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Coupled power vs. distance to GRIN lens.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Coupled power vs. frequency of signal.

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Equations (1)

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K 0 sin θ = K z + ( 2 π Λ ) n

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