Abstract

A 37 element adaptive optic mirror has been used intracavity to control the oscillation mode profile of a diode-laser pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. Mode and power optimisation are demonstrated by closed loop automatic optimisation of the deformable mirror.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
    [Crossref]
  2. W. Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering, 5th edition (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 1999).
  3. D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).
  4. D.A. Rockwell, “A review of phase-conjugate solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 1124–1140, (1988).
    [Crossref]
  5. S. Makki and J. Leger, “Solid-state laser resonators with diffractive optic thermal aberration correction,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1075–1085, (1999).
    [Crossref]
  6. R. Tyson, Principles of Adaptive Optics, 2nd edition, (Academic Press, 1998).
  7. Flexible Optical B.V., PO Box 581, 2600 AN, Delft, the Netherlands, www.okotech.com
  8. G. Vdovin G, P.M. Sarro, and S. Middelhoek, “Technology and applications of micro-machined adaptive mirrors,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 9, R8–R19 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  9. G. Vdovin and V. Kiyko, “Intracavity control of a 200-W continuous-wave Nd:YAG laser by a micro-machined deformable mirror,” Opt. Lett. 26, 798–800 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  10. K.F. Man, Genetic Algorithms: concepts and designs, (Springer Series, 1999).
    [Crossref]
  11. S. Kirkpatrick, C.D. Gelatt, and M.P. Vecchi, “Optimization by simulated annealing,” Science 220 (4598), 671–680 (1983).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).

2001 (1)

1999 (3)

W. Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering, 5th edition (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 1999).

S. Makki and J. Leger, “Solid-state laser resonators with diffractive optic thermal aberration correction,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1075–1085, (1999).
[Crossref]

G. Vdovin G, P.M. Sarro, and S. Middelhoek, “Technology and applications of micro-machined adaptive mirrors,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 9, R8–R19 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

R. Tyson, Principles of Adaptive Optics, 2nd edition, (Academic Press, 1998).

1988 (1)

D.A. Rockwell, “A review of phase-conjugate solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 1124–1140, (1988).
[Crossref]

1984 (1)

J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
[Crossref]

1983 (1)

S. Kirkpatrick, C.D. Gelatt, and M.P. Vecchi, “Optimization by simulated annealing,” Science 220 (4598), 671–680 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bente, E.

D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).

Burns, D.

D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).

Byer, R.L.

J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
[Crossref]

Eggleston, J.M.

J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
[Crossref]

Ferguson, A.I.

D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).

Gelatt, C.D.

S. Kirkpatrick, C.D. Gelatt, and M.P. Vecchi, “Optimization by simulated annealing,” Science 220 (4598), 671–680 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kane, T.J.

J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
[Crossref]

Kirkpatrick, S.

S. Kirkpatrick, C.D. Gelatt, and M.P. Vecchi, “Optimization by simulated annealing,” Science 220 (4598), 671–680 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kiyko, V.

Koechner, W.

W. Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering, 5th edition (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 1999).

Kuhn, K.

J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
[Crossref]

Leger, J.

S. Makki and J. Leger, “Solid-state laser resonators with diffractive optic thermal aberration correction,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1075–1085, (1999).
[Crossref]

Lubeigt, W.

D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).

Makki, S.

S. Makki and J. Leger, “Solid-state laser resonators with diffractive optic thermal aberration correction,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1075–1085, (1999).
[Crossref]

Man, K.F.

K.F. Man, Genetic Algorithms: concepts and designs, (Springer Series, 1999).
[Crossref]

Middelhoek, S.

G. Vdovin G, P.M. Sarro, and S. Middelhoek, “Technology and applications of micro-machined adaptive mirrors,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 9, R8–R19 (1999).
[Crossref]

Rockwell, D.A.

D.A. Rockwell, “A review of phase-conjugate solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 1124–1140, (1988).
[Crossref]

Sarro, P.M.

G. Vdovin G, P.M. Sarro, and S. Middelhoek, “Technology and applications of micro-machined adaptive mirrors,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 9, R8–R19 (1999).
[Crossref]

Tyson, R.

R. Tyson, Principles of Adaptive Optics, 2nd edition, (Academic Press, 1998).

Unternahrer, J.

J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
[Crossref]

Valentine, G.J.

D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).

Vdovin, G.

Vdovin G, G.

G. Vdovin G, P.M. Sarro, and S. Middelhoek, “Technology and applications of micro-machined adaptive mirrors,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 9, R8–R19 (1999).
[Crossref]

Vecchi, M.P.

S. Kirkpatrick, C.D. Gelatt, and M.P. Vecchi, “Optimization by simulated annealing,” Science 220 (4598), 671–680 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (3)

D.A. Rockwell, “A review of phase-conjugate solid-state lasers,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 1124–1140, (1988).
[Crossref]

S. Makki and J. Leger, “Solid-state laser resonators with diffractive optic thermal aberration correction,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 35, 1075–1085, (1999).
[Crossref]

J.M. Eggleston, T.J. Kane, K. Kuhn, J. Unternahrer, and R.L. Byer, “The slab geometry laser. I. Theory,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-20, 289–301, (1984).
[Crossref]

J. Micromech. Microeng. (1)

G. Vdovin G, P.M. Sarro, and S. Middelhoek, “Technology and applications of micro-machined adaptive mirrors,” J. Micromech. Microeng. 9, R8–R19 (1999).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (1)

Proc SPIE (1)

D. Burns, G.J. Valentine, W. Lubeigt, E. Bente, and A.I. Ferguson, “Development of High Average Power Picosecond Laser Systems,” Proc SPIE 4629, 4629–18, (2002).

Science (1)

S. Kirkpatrick, C.D. Gelatt, and M.P. Vecchi, “Optimization by simulated annealing,” Science 220 (4598), 671–680 (1983).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (4)

K.F. Man, Genetic Algorithms: concepts and designs, (Springer Series, 1999).
[Crossref]

W. Koechner, Solid-State Laser Engineering, 5th edition (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 1999).

R. Tyson, Principles of Adaptive Optics, 2nd edition, (Academic Press, 1998).

Flexible Optical B.V., PO Box 581, 2600 AN, Delft, the Netherlands, www.okotech.com

Supplementary Material (1)

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Figures (8)

Figure 1.
Figure 1. The deformable membrane mirror (LHS) and, the mirror housing used in these experiments (RHS). Note: that an anti-reflection coated window is used to environmentally shield the fragile mirror surface and reduce the effects of air currents.

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Figure 2.
Figure 2. (a) Schematic of the Nd:YVO4 laser cavity arrangement and diagnostics used to perform active transverse mode control. (b) Beam radius on the AO mirror as a function of the radius of curvature of the AO mirror.

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Figure 3.
Figure 3. Schematic of the closed loop feedback network used for the self-optimising laser.

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Figure 4.
Figure 4. Graphic User Interface for manual and automatic laser optimisation. The panel on the left displays a zoomed area of the larger camera image on the main screen, and enables the control signal for the optimisation loop to be configured.

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Figure 5.
Figure 5. Michelson interferometer arrangement.

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Figure 6.
Figure 6. Interference patterns recorded form the Michelson interferometer for (a) all the actuators were set at 0V, and (b) all actuators set to 200V.

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Figure 7.
Figure 7. Beam profiles from the Nd:YVO4 laser and associated interference patterns recorded at various intervals during an optimisation sequence. A histogram of the detected average output power is also shown

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Figure 8.
Figure 8. (2.9MB) video of a real time optimisation procedure

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