Abstract

A new design is presented to achieve a hybrid micro-diffractive-refractive lens with wide field of view (WFOV) of 80° integrated on backside of InGaAs / InP photodetector for free space optical interconnections. It has an apparent advantage of athermalization of optical system which working in large variation of ambient temperature ranging from -20 °C to 70 °C. The changing of focal length is only 0.504 μm in the ambient temperature range with the hybrid microlens, which opto-thermal expansion coefficient matches with thermal expansion coefficient of AuSn solder bump used in corresponding flip-chip packaging system. The hybrid lens was designed via CODE-VTM professional software. The results show that the lens has good optical performance for the optical interconnection use.

© 2002 Optical Society of America

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Corrections

Yongqi Fu and Ngoi Kok Ann Bryan, "Design of hybrid micro-diffractive-refractive optical element with wide field of view for free space optical interconnections: errata," Opt. Express 10, 714-714 (2002)
https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-10-15-714
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References

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  1. C. Wang, Y.C. Chan, L.P. Zhao, and N. Li, “Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for integration with photodetectors,” Opt. Commun. 195, 63–70 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  2. Yongqi Fu Kok Ann Bryan, Investigation of micro- diffractive lens with continuous relief with vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers using focused ion beam direct milling.IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett. 13, 424–426 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  3. Yongqi Fu and Ngoi Kok Ann Bryan, Hybrid micro-diffractive-refractive optical element with continuous relief fabricated by focused ion beam for single-mode coupling.Appl. Opt. 40, 5872–5876, (2001).
    [Crossref]
  4. M.B. Stern, Hybrid (refractive/diffractive) Optics, in: H.P. Herzing (Ed.), Micro-optics: Elements, Systems and Applications, Taloyer & Francise, London, pp.259~292, 1997.
  5. http://www.ioffe.rssi.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/InP/optic.html
  6. Carmina Londono, William T. Plummer, and Peter P. Clark, “Athermalization of a single-component lens with diffractive optics,” Appl. Opt. 32, 2295~2302 (1993).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. CODE-VTM is professional software of optical design, a product of Optical Research Associates (ORA), http://www.opticalres.com/macros/macroindex.html
  8. Xuezhe Zheng, Philippe J. Marchand, Dawei Huang, Osman Kibar, and Nur S. E. Ozkan, “Optomechanical design and characterization of a printed-circuit-board free-space optical interconnect package,” Appl. Opt. 38, 5631–5639 (1999).
    [Crossref]

2001 (3)

C. Wang, Y.C. Chan, L.P. Zhao, and N. Li, “Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for integration with photodetectors,” Opt. Commun. 195, 63–70 (2001).
[Crossref]

Yongqi Fu Kok Ann Bryan, Investigation of micro- diffractive lens with continuous relief with vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers using focused ion beam direct milling.IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett. 13, 424–426 (2001).
[Crossref]

Yongqi Fu and Ngoi Kok Ann Bryan, Hybrid micro-diffractive-refractive optical element with continuous relief fabricated by focused ion beam for single-mode coupling.Appl. Opt. 40, 5872–5876, (2001).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

1997 (1)

M.B. Stern, Hybrid (refractive/diffractive) Optics, in: H.P. Herzing (Ed.), Micro-optics: Elements, Systems and Applications, Taloyer & Francise, London, pp.259~292, 1997.

1993 (1)

Bryan, Ngoi Kok Ann

Bryan, Yongqi Fu Kok Ann

Yongqi Fu Kok Ann Bryan, Investigation of micro- diffractive lens with continuous relief with vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers using focused ion beam direct milling.IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett. 13, 424–426 (2001).
[Crossref]

Chan, Y.C.

C. Wang, Y.C. Chan, L.P. Zhao, and N. Li, “Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for integration with photodetectors,” Opt. Commun. 195, 63–70 (2001).
[Crossref]

Clark, Peter P.

Fu, Yongqi

Huang, Dawei

Kibar, Osman

Li, N.

C. Wang, Y.C. Chan, L.P. Zhao, and N. Li, “Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for integration with photodetectors,” Opt. Commun. 195, 63–70 (2001).
[Crossref]

Londono, Carmina

Marchand, Philippe J.

Ozkan, Nur S. E.

Plummer, William T.

Stern, M.B.

M.B. Stern, Hybrid (refractive/diffractive) Optics, in: H.P. Herzing (Ed.), Micro-optics: Elements, Systems and Applications, Taloyer & Francise, London, pp.259~292, 1997.

Wang, C.

C. Wang, Y.C. Chan, L.P. Zhao, and N. Li, “Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for integration with photodetectors,” Opt. Commun. 195, 63–70 (2001).
[Crossref]

Zhao, L.P.

C. Wang, Y.C. Chan, L.P. Zhao, and N. Li, “Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for integration with photodetectors,” Opt. Commun. 195, 63–70 (2001).
[Crossref]

Zheng, Xuezhe

Appl. Opt. (3)

IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett. (1)

Yongqi Fu Kok Ann Bryan, Investigation of micro- diffractive lens with continuous relief with vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers using focused ion beam direct milling.IEEE Photon. Techn. Lett. 13, 424–426 (2001).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (1)

C. Wang, Y.C. Chan, L.P. Zhao, and N. Li, “Design of diffractive optical elements array with wide field of view for integration with photodetectors,” Opt. Commun. 195, 63–70 (2001).
[Crossref]

Other (3)

M.B. Stern, Hybrid (refractive/diffractive) Optics, in: H.P. Herzing (Ed.), Micro-optics: Elements, Systems and Applications, Taloyer & Francise, London, pp.259~292, 1997.

http://www.ioffe.rssi.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/InP/optic.html

CODE-VTM is professional software of optical design, a product of Optical Research Associates (ORA), http://www.opticalres.com/macros/macroindex.html

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Figures (7)

Fig.1
Fig.1

Schematic of free space interconnection packaging architecture for 8×8 VCSEL array and InGaAs/InP photodetector array. AuSn solder bumps act as both connecting two submounts and ensure working distance (L, which depends on operating wavelength and diameter of beam waist) of the integrated lenses.

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Fig.2
Fig.2

Schematic of surface-relief diffractive lens: fd , focal length; λ 0, a designed wavelength; rm , radius of mth zone.

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Fig.3
Fig.3

Ray tracing layout of the hybrid diffractive-refractive lens integrated with InGaAs/InP photodetector.

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Fig.4
Fig.4

Aberration curves of the designed hybrid diffractive-refractive lens integrated with In00G:31a:4A2 s/InP photodetector.

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Fig.5
Fig.5

MTF result of the hybrid diffractive-refractive lens integrated with InGaAs/InP photodetector.

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Fig.6
Fig.6

Point spread functions for different relative field angles of (a) 0°; (b) 28°; and (c) 40°, respectively.

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Fig.7
Fig.7

encircled energy distribution along direction of longitudinal

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Tables (1)

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Table1 Coefficients of polynomial equation for aspheric surface and diffractive structure

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Equations (18)

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x f , r = α − 1 n − n i ( dn dT − n dn 0 dT )
x f , d = 2 α + 1 n i dn i dT
f = nr 1 r 2 ( n − 1 ) [ n ( r 2 − r 1 ) + ( n − 1 ) d ]
f = r 1 n − 1
df dT = 1 n − 1 dr dT − r ( n − 1 ) 2 dn dT
df dT = r n − 1 α − r ( n − 1 ) 2 dn dT
x f , r = 1 f df dT = α − 1 n − 1 dn dT
( f d + m λ 0 n ) 2 = r m 2 + f d 2
f d = nr m 2 2 m λ 0 , m = 1,2,3 , …
r m ( T ) = r m ( 1 + α Δ T )
n ( T ) = n + dn dT Δ T
f d ( T ) = f d [ 1 + 2 α Δ T + α 2 ( Δ T ) 2 + 1 n dn dT Δ T+ 2 1 n dn dT α ( Δ T ) 2 + 1 n dn dT α 2 ( Δ T ) 3 ]
x f , d = 1 f d df d dT = 2 α + 1 n dn dT
n = 3.075 ( 1 + 2.7 × 10 − 5 T )
x f f = x f , r f r + x f , d f d
Δf Total = Δf Lens + Δf Bump
z = cr 2 1 + 1 − ( 1 + k ) c 2 r 2 + Ar 4 Br 6 + Cr 8 + … + Jr 20
Φ ( r ) = C 2 r 2 + C 4 r 4 + C 6 r 6 + … + C 20 r 20

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