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Near-field imaging of surface plasmon-polariton guiding in band gap structures at telecom wavelengths

Carsten Marquart, Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi, and Kristjan Leosson

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Using a collection near-field microscope, we image interaction of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) excited locally at telecom wavelengths with periodic triangular arrays of gold bumps placed on gold film surfaces. We observe the inhibition of SPP propagation into the arrays within a certain wavelength range depending on their period and orientation, i.e., the band gap (BG) effect, as well as the SPP propagation along bent channels cut through these arrays. Prospects and challenges in realization of compact and efficient SPPBG waveguiding structures are discussed.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup. (b) A reflected beam spot observed on a screen for a 45-nm-thick gold film at λ=633 nm. (c) Microscope dark-field image of a typical sample structure showing periodic arrays of gold bumps with straight and bent channels (line defects) placed along the median line of a 200-µm-wide gold stripe.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Near-field imaging of localized SPP excitation and SPP propagation for different wavelengths. A 60-nm-thick gold film has been used for λ=(a) 633 and (b) 790 nm, whereas a 50-nm-thick gold film was used for (c) λ=1520 nm. (d) The SPP propagation length derived by an exponential fit to the signal decrease along dashed lines indicated in the corresponding SNOM images.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. SNOM (a) topographical and (b,c) optical images (35×35 µm2) of a triangular 900-nm-period structure with the SPP being excited at the wavelength of (b) 1550 and (c) 1600 nm and incident from the right in the ΓK direction of the irreducible Brillouin zone of the lattice [8]. The gold film thickness is 40 nm, and bump diameter and height are 378 nm and 100 nm, respectively. The structure orientation and an estimate of the position of the exciting focused laser beam are indicated on the topographical image (a).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Orientation of the SPPBG structure in our experiments for ΓK orientation and (b) the typical cross section of the SNOM optical image obtained. Similar cross sections are used to determine wavelength dependencies of (c) the SPP penetration depth and (d) the peak in spatial frequency spectra (of the signal variations in front of the SPPBG structure). (Movie 920 KB)

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. SNOM (a) topographical and (b,c,d) optical images (52×26 µm2) of a triangular 950-nm-period structure with the SPP being excited at the wavelength of (b) 1500, (c) 1520 and (c) 1540 nm and incident from the right in ΓM direction. The gold film thickness is 23 nm, and bump diameter and height are 438 nm and 80 nm, respectively.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. SNOM (a) topographical and (b) optical image (35×35 µm2) of a channel bend in a triangular 950-nm-period structure with the SPP being excited at the wavelength of 1515 nm and incident from the right in ΓM direction. The gold film thickness is 23 nm, and bump diameter and height are 438 nm and 80 nm, respectively.

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