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Optical bistability in subwavelength metallic grating coated by nonlinear material

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Abstract

A developed two-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method has been performed to investigate the optical bistability in a subwavelength metallic grating coated by nonlinear material. Different bistability loops have been shown to depend on parameters of the structure. The influences of two key parameters, thickness of nonlinear material and slit width of metallic grating, have been studied in detail. The effect of optical bistability in the structure is explained by Surface Plasmons (SPs) mode and resonant waveguide theory.

©2007 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic view of the nonlinear metallic structure under study: a metallic grating of period p, metallic film thickness h, slit width w, and nonlinear material layer thickness d. A TM-polarized plane wave is incident vertically from the top of the structure.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a). The far-field transmission spectra of the structure corresponding to SPs excitation at intensities of incident light: I=1×1014, 2.25×1016 and 4×1016 V2/m2. The thickness of nonlinear layer is d=0.88µm. (b) Far-field transmission versus incident intensity in the structure at the wavelength λ=1.55µm. T1 and T2 denote the transmissions respective obtained from increasing and decreasing intensity of incident light.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a). The far-field transmission spectra versus thickness d of nonlinear layer at intensities of incident light: I=1×1014, 2.25×1016 and 4×1016 V2/m2 with wavelength λ=1.55µm. The transmission versus incident intensity is shown at the chosen thickness (b) d=0.16µm and (c) d=1.62µm. (d) The transmission ratio (T2/T1) of upper and down branches of bistability loop is shown at different thicknesses d versus incident intensity.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. The transmission versus incident intensity at the chosen slit width: (a) w=0.1µm (b) w=0.2µm (c) w=0.4µm. The thickness of nonlinear layer is fixed at d=0.88µm and the wavelength is λ=1.55µm. (d) The transmission ratio (T2/T1) of upper and lower branches of bistability loop is shown at different slit widths w versus incident intensity.

Equations (5)

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ε d = ε l + χ ( 3 ) E 2 ,
× H = ε E t + P l t + P nl t
λ sp = p m Re ( ε d ε m ε d + ε m ε d sin θ ) ( m = 1 , 2 , 3 )
d k 0 2 ε d k 2 = m π + ϕ 12 + ϕ 23 ( m = 0 , 1 , 2 )
Δ d = π k 0 2 ε d k
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