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Microfabricated saturated absorption laser spectrometer

Svenja A. Knappe, Hugh G. Robinson, and Leo Hollberg

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We demonstrate a miniature microfabricated saturated absorption laser spectrometer. The system consists of miniature optics, a microfabricated Rb vapor cell, heaters, and a photodetector, all contained within a volume of 0.1 cm3. Saturated absorption spectra were measured with a diode laser at 795 nm. They are comparable to signals obtained with standard table-top setups, although the rubidium vapor cell has an interior volume of only 1 mm3. We discuss the performance and prospects for using such systems as a miniature optical wavelength reference, compatible with transportable instruments.

©2007 Optical Society of America

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Figures (3)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a). Photograph of the microfabricated saturated absorption spectrometer. (b) Schematic of the microfabricated setup, which consists of a vapor cell with two heaters, two polarizing beam splitters, two polarizers, two prisms, two quarter waveplates, and a photodetector. The laser and control electronics are not shown in the photo, but could be close to the tiny spectrometer or elsewhere.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a). Spectrum of the transitions 5S1/2, F = 2 → 5P1/2, F’ = 1 and 2 isotopically enriched 87Rb measured with the microfabricated saturation spectrometer. (b) Saturated absorption spectrum of all D1-line transitions in natural rubidium, measured in a microfabricated vapor cell. (c) Relevant energy level structure of 87Rb. (d) Relevant energy level structure of 85Rb.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the saturation dips measured as a function of pump laser intensity (black squares). The probe laser intensity was held constant at 2.6 mW/cm2. The error bars were deduced from a Lorentzian fit to the resonance lineshape. The solid line is a fit to the measured data.

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