On-axis near-eye display system based on directional scattering holographic waveguide and curved goggle

Jiasheng Xiao; Juan Liu; Zhenlv Lv; Xueliang Shi; Jian Han

doi:10.1364/OE.27.001683

On-axis near-eye display system based on directional scattering holographic waveguide and curved goggle

Jiasheng Xiao, Juan Liu, Zhenlv Lv, Xueliang Shi, and Jian Han

Optics Express
Vol. 27,
Issue 2,
pp. 1683-1692
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.001683

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Jiasheng Xiao, Juan Liu, Zhenlv Lv, Xueliang Shi, and Jian Han, "On-axis near-eye display system based on directional scattering holographic waveguide and curved goggle," Opt. Express 27, 1683-1692 (2019)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Holography, Gratings, and Diffraction
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 23, 2018
- Revised Manuscript: November 19, 2018
- Manuscript Accepted: November 20, 2018
- Published: January 18, 2019

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

The contradiction between the field of view (FOV), luminance uniformity (LU) and weight has always restricted the development of augmented reality display systems. An on-axis near-eye display (NED) system based on directional scattering holographic waveguide (DSHW) and curved goggle is proposed in order to realize a large FOV with high LU, light weight, and conformal design capability. The DSHW which consists of a linear volume holographic grating and holographic diffuser is used to deliver the virtual image and construct a transparent directional emission display screen with high LU. The curved goggle is used to project the image on the display screen into human eye and form a large FOV, with a suitable exit pupil diameter (EPD) and eye relief distance (ERF) and while keeping the external scene visible. Our proposed NED achieved an FOV of 44° horizontal (H) × 12° vertical (V) easily, which is almost consistent with the theoretical design. The EPD is 6 mm, ERF is 18.6 mm, and LU is about 88.09% at full viewing angle. The system is lightweight and flexible, which can be further applied in the next-generation, integrated protection-display helmet system through conformal optical design.

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References

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Publication

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C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
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A. Maimone, A. Georgiou, and J. S. Kollin, “Holographic near-eye displays for virtual and augmented reality,” ACM 36(4), 1– 16 (2017).
C. Gu, J. Hong, J.-R. Lien, and F. Dai, “Diffraction properties of volume holographic diffusers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(8), 1704–1711 (1996).
[Crossref]
K. Murphy, V. Toal, I. Naydenova, and S. Martin, “Holographic beam-shaping diffractive diffusers fabricated by using controlled laser speckle,” Opt. Express 26(7), 8916–8922 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Utsugi and M. Yamaguchi, “Reduction of the recorded speckle noise in holographic 3D printer,” Opt. Express 21(1), 662–674 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Yeom, J. Jeong, C. Jang, K. Hong, S. G. Park, and B. Lee, “Reflection-type integral imaging system using a diffuser holographic optical element,” Opt. Express 22(24), 29617–29626 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2018 (5)

H. Huang and H. Hua, “High-performance integral-imaging-based light field augmented reality display using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(13), 17578–17590 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. M. Bigler, P. A. Blanche, and K. Sarma, “Holographic waveguide heads-up display for longitudinal image magnification and pupil expansion,” Appl. Opt. 57(9), 2007–2013 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Wang, Y. Qin, H. Hua, Y.-H. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “Digitally switchable multi-focal lens using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(8), 11007–11017 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S.-B. Kim and J.-H. Park, “Optical see-through Maxwellian near-to-eye display with an enlarged eyebox,” Opt. Lett. 43(4), 767–770 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Murphy, V. Toal, I. Naydenova, and S. Martin, “Holographic beam-shaping diffractive diffusers fabricated by using controlled laser speckle,” Opt. Express 26(7), 8916–8922 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2017 (3)

A. Maimone, A. Georgiou, and J. S. Kollin, “Holographic near-eye displays for virtual and augmented reality,” ACM 36(4), 1– 16 (2017).

Q. Gao, J. Liu, X. Duan, T. Zhao, X. Li, and P. Liu, “Compact see-through 3D head-mounted display based on wavefront modulation with holographic grating filter,” Opt. Express 25(7), 8412–8424 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (3)

J. Carmigniani, B. Furht, M. Anisetti, P. Ceravolo, E. Damiani, and M. Ivkovic, “Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications,” Multimedia Tools Appl. 51(1), 341–377 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. P. Rolland and K. Thompson, “See-Through Head Worn Displays for Mobile Augmented Reality,” Commun. China Comp. Fed. 7(8), 28–37 (2011).

D. Cheng, Y. Wang, H. Hua, and J. Sasian, “Design of a wide-angle, lightweight head-mounted display using free-form optics tiling,” Opt. Lett. 36(11), 2098–2100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (1)

A. Cameron, “The application of holographic optical waveguide technology to Q-Sight family of helmet-mounted displays,” Proc. SPIE 7326, 73260H (2009).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

T. Levola and P. Laakkonen, “Replicated slanted gratings with a high refractive index material for in and outcoupling of light,” Opt. Express 15(5), 2067–2074 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

R. Shechter, Y. Amitai, and A. A. Friesem, “Compact beam expander with linear gratings,” Appl. Opt. 41(7), 1236–1240 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1996 (2)

H. Hoshi, N. Taniguchi, H. Morishima, T. Akiyama, S. Yamazaki, and A. Okuyama, “Off-axial HMD optical system consisting of aspherical surfaces without rotational symmetry,” SPIE 2653, 234–242 (1996).
[Crossref]

C. Gu, J. Hong, J.-R. Lien, and F. Dai, “Diffraction properties of volume holographic diffusers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(8), 1704–1711 (1996).
[Crossref]

1969 (1)

H. Kogelnik, “Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings,” Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48(9), 2909–2947 (1969).
[Crossref]

Akiyama, T.

Akutsu, K.

H. Mukawa, K. Akutsu, I. Matsumura, S. Nakano, T. Yoshida, and M. Kuwahara, “8.4: distinguished paper: a full color eyewear display using holographic planar waveguides,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers39(1), 89–92 (2012).

Amitai, Y.

R. Shechter, Y. Amitai, and A. A. Friesem, “Compact beam expander with linear gratings,” Appl. Opt. 41(7), 1236–1240 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Anisetti, M.

Ashmead, A. C.

L. H. Domash, G. P. Crawford, A. C. Ashmead, R. T. Smith, M. M. Popovich, and J. Storey, “Holographic PDLC for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE Liquid Crystals IV, 4107 (2000).
[Crossref]

Bigler, C. M.

Blanche, P. A.

Cameron, A.

A. Cameron, “The application of holographic optical waveguide technology to Q-Sight family of helmet-mounted displays,” Proc. SPIE 7326, 73260H (2009).
[Crossref]

Carmigniani, J.

Ceravolo, P.

Chen, Y.

Cheng, D.

D. Cheng, Y. Wang, H. Hua, and J. Sasian, “Design of a wide-angle, lightweight head-mounted display using free-form optics tiling,” Opt. Lett. 36(11), 2098–2100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Crawford, G. P.

L. H. Domash, G. P. Crawford, A. C. Ashmead, R. T. Smith, M. M. Popovich, and J. Storey, “Holographic PDLC for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE Liquid Crystals IV, 4107 (2000).
[Crossref]

Dai, F.

C. Gu, J. Hong, J.-R. Lien, and F. Dai, “Diffraction properties of volume holographic diffusers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(8), 1704–1711 (1996).
[Crossref]

Damiani, E.

Domash, L. H.

L. H. Domash, G. P. Crawford, A. C. Ashmead, R. T. Smith, M. M. Popovich, and J. Storey, “Holographic PDLC for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE Liquid Crystals IV, 4107 (2000).
[Crossref]

Duan, X.

Fontaine, J.

Friesem, A. A.

R. Shechter, Y. Amitai, and A. A. Friesem, “Compact beam expander with linear gratings,” Appl. Opt. 41(7), 1236–1240 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Furht, B.

Gao, Q.

Q. Gao, J. Liu, J. Han, and X. Li, “Monocular 3D see-through head-mounted display via complex amplitude modulation,” Opt. Express 24(15), 17372–17383 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Georgiou, A.

A. Maimone, A. Georgiou, and J. S. Kollin, “Holographic near-eye displays for virtual and augmented reality,” ACM 36(4), 1– 16 (2017).

Gérard, P.

Gu, C.

C. Gu, J. Hong, J.-R. Lien, and F. Dai, “Diffraction properties of volume holographic diffusers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(8), 1704–1711 (1996).
[Crossref]

Han, J.

Q. Gao, J. Liu, J. Han, and X. Li, “Monocular 3D see-through head-mounted display via complex amplitude modulation,” Opt. Express 24(15), 17372–17383 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hong, J.

C. Gu, J. Hong, J.-R. Lien, and F. Dai, “Diffraction properties of volume holographic diffusers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(8), 1704–1711 (1996).
[Crossref]

Hong, K.

Hoshi, H.

Hu, Y.

Hua, H.

X. Wang, Y. Qin, H. Hua, Y.-H. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “Digitally switchable multi-focal lens using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(8), 11007–11017 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Huang and H. Hua, “High-performance integral-imaging-based light field augmented reality display using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(13), 17578–17590 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Cheng, Y. Wang, H. Hua, and J. Sasian, “Design of a wide-angle, lightweight head-mounted display using free-form optics tiling,” Opt. Lett. 36(11), 2098–2100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, H.

H. Huang and H. Hua, “High-performance integral-imaging-based light field augmented reality display using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(13), 17578–17590 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ivkovic, M.

Jang, C.

Jeong, J.

Ji, Y.-M.

Kim, H.-J.

Kim, S.-B.

S.-B. Kim and J.-H. Park, “Optical see-through Maxwellian near-to-eye display with an enlarged eyebox,” Opt. Lett. 43(4), 767–770 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S.-H.

Kogelnik, H.

H. Kogelnik, “Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings,” Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48(9), 2909–2947 (1969).
[Crossref]

Kollin, J. S.

A. Maimone, A. Georgiou, and J. S. Kollin, “Holographic near-eye displays for virtual and augmented reality,” ACM 36(4), 1– 16 (2017).

Kuwahara, M.

Laakkonen, P.

T. Levola and P. Laakkonen, “Replicated slanted gratings with a high refractive index material for in and outcoupling of light,” Opt. Express 15(5), 2067–2074 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, B.

Lee, Y.-H.

X. Wang, Y. Qin, H. Hua, Y.-H. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “Digitally switchable multi-focal lens using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(8), 11007–11017 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Levola, T.

T. Levola and P. Laakkonen, “Replicated slanted gratings with a high refractive index material for in and outcoupling of light,” Opt. Express 15(5), 2067–2074 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, B.

Li, H.

C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, X.

Q. Gao, J. Liu, J. Han, and X. Li, “Monocular 3D see-through head-mounted display via complex amplitude modulation,” Opt. Express 24(15), 17372–17383 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lien, J.-R.

C. Gu, J. Hong, J.-R. Lien, and F. Dai, “Diffraction properties of volume holographic diffusers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(8), 1704–1711 (1996).
[Crossref]

Liu, J.

Q. Gao, J. Liu, J. Han, and X. Li, “Monocular 3D see-through head-mounted display via complex amplitude modulation,” Opt. Express 24(15), 17372–17383 (2016).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, P.

Liu, X.

C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, Y.

Maimone, A.

A. Maimone, A. Georgiou, and J. S. Kollin, “Holographic near-eye displays for virtual and augmented reality,” ACM 36(4), 1– 16 (2017).

Martin, S.

Matsumura, I.

Miyauchi, N.

M. Sugawara, M. Suzuki, and N. Miyauchi, “14-5L: Late-News Paper: Retinal Imaging Laser Eyewear with Focus-Free and Augmented Reality,” Sid Symposium Digest of Technical Papers47(1), 164–167 (2016).

Morishima, H.

Mukawa, H.

Murphy, K.

Nakano, S.

Naydenova, I.

Okuyama, A.

Park, J.-H.

S.-B. Kim and J.-H. Park, “Optical see-through Maxwellian near-to-eye display with an enlarged eyebox,” Opt. Lett. 43(4), 767–770 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Park, S. G.

Peng, Y.

C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Popovich, M. M.

L. H. Domash, G. P. Crawford, A. C. Ashmead, R. T. Smith, M. M. Popovich, and J. Storey, “Holographic PDLC for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE Liquid Crystals IV, 4107 (2000).
[Crossref]

Qin, Y.

X. Wang, Y. Qin, H. Hua, Y.-H. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “Digitally switchable multi-focal lens using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(8), 11007–11017 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rolland, J. P.

J. P. Rolland and K. Thompson, “See-Through Head Worn Displays for Mobile Augmented Reality,” Commun. China Comp. Fed. 7(8), 28–37 (2011).

Sarma, K.

Sasian, J.

D. Cheng, Y. Wang, H. Hua, and J. Sasian, “Design of a wide-angle, lightweight head-mounted display using free-form optics tiling,” Opt. Lett. 36(11), 2098–2100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shechter, R.

R. Shechter, Y. Amitai, and A. A. Friesem, “Compact beam expander with linear gratings,” Appl. Opt. 41(7), 1236–1240 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shi, R.

Smith, R. T.

L. H. Domash, G. P. Crawford, A. C. Ashmead, R. T. Smith, M. M. Popovich, and J. Storey, “Holographic PDLC for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE Liquid Crystals IV, 4107 (2000).
[Crossref]

Storey, J.

L. H. Domash, G. P. Crawford, A. C. Ashmead, R. T. Smith, M. M. Popovich, and J. Storey, “Holographic PDLC for photonic applications,” Proc. SPIE Liquid Crystals IV, 4107 (2000).
[Crossref]

Sugawara, M.

Suzuki, M.

Taniguchi, N.

Thompson, K.

J. P. Rolland and K. Thompson, “See-Through Head Worn Displays for Mobile Augmented Reality,” Commun. China Comp. Fed. 7(8), 28–37 (2011).

Toal, V.

Twardowski, P.

Utsugi, T.

T. Utsugi and M. Yamaguchi, “Reduction of the recorded speckle noise in holographic 3D printer,” Opt. Express 21(1), 662–674 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, X.

X. Wang, Y. Qin, H. Hua, Y.-H. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “Digitally switchable multi-focal lens using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(8), 11007–11017 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, Y.

D. Cheng, Y. Wang, H. Hua, and J. Sasian, “Design of a wide-angle, lightweight head-mounted display using free-form optics tiling,” Opt. Lett. 36(11), 2098–2100 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, S.-T.

X. Wang, Y. Qin, H. Hua, Y.-H. Lee, and S.-T. Wu, “Digitally switchable multi-focal lens using freeform optics,” Opt. Express 26(8), 11007–11017 (2018).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, Z.

Xie, J.

Yamaguchi, M.

T. Utsugi and M. Yamaguchi, “Reduction of the recorded speckle noise in holographic 3D printer,” Opt. Express 21(1), 662–674 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yamazaki, S.

Yang, J.

Yao, X.

Yeom, H.-J.

Yeom, J.

Yoshida, T.

Yu, C.

C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, H.

Zhao, H.

Zhao, Q.

C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhao, T.

ACM (1)

A. Maimone, A. Georgiou, and J. S. Kollin, “Holographic near-eye displays for virtual and augmented reality,” ACM 36(4), 1– 16 (2017).

Appl. Opt. (4)

C. Yu, Y. Peng, Q. Zhao, H. Li, and X. Liu, “Highly efficient waveguide display with space-variant volume holographic gratings,” Appl. Opt. 56(34), 9390–9397 (2017).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Shechter, Y. Amitai, and A. A. Friesem, “Compact beam expander with linear gratings,” Appl. Opt. 41(7), 1236–1240 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bell Syst. Tech. J. (1)

H. Kogelnik, “Coupled wave theory for thick hologram gratings,” Bell Syst. Tech. J. 48(9), 2909–2947 (1969).
[Crossref]

Commun. China Comp. Fed. (1)

J. P. Rolland and K. Thompson, “See-Through Head Worn Displays for Mobile Augmented Reality,” Commun. China Comp. Fed. 7(8), 28–37 (2011).

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

C. Gu, J. Hong, J.-R. Lien, and F. Dai, “Diffraction properties of volume holographic diffusers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13(8), 1704–1711 (1996).
[Crossref]

Multimedia Tools Appl. (1)

Opt. Express (10)

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Fig. 1 The illustration of our proposed NED.

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Fig. 2 Schematics of (a) the in-coupler H₁ and (b) out-coupler H₂.

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Fig. 3 The optical path diagram of STG.

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Fig. 4 Calculation model of FOV, EPD and ERF.

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Fig. 5 The surface local height of (a) front aspheric surface and (b) rear aspheric surface; (c)The simulation results of virtual image and (d) external real scene.

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Fig. 6 (a) Schematic diagram of holographic exposure; (b) STG and DSHW components; (c) Actual ray tracing of DSHW (The black curtain makes light visible and measurable).

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Fig. 7 Experimental setup.

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Fig. 8 Experimental results.

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Fig. 9 Test of luminance uniformity.

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Tables (2)

Table 1 Optical parameters of DSHW and STG.

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Table 2 Luminance uniformity of different FOV.

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Equations (13)

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η {=th}^{2} (ν)

η = \sin^{2} (ν)

ν = \frac{π Δ n d}{λ \sqrt{\cos (θ_{p}) \cos (θ_{r})}}

\frac{1}{L^{'}} = \frac{2}{R} + \frac{1}{L}

Y = \frac{L^{'}}{L} W

V F O V = 2 arc \tan (\frac{L^{'}}{2 (L + L^{'})})

V F O V = 2 arc \tan (\frac{W}{R})

\sqrt{{\bar{A D}}^{2} - K^{2}} - \frac{K - W / 2}{\tan (φ_{s} / 2)} + L = \bar{O D}

\sin (α) = K / \bar{A D}

γ = φ_{s} - 2 α

β = φ_{s} / 2 - γ

E R F = \frac{K \sin (γ)}{\sin (β) \sin (φ_{s} / 2)} - \frac{E P D}{2 \tan (β)} + \frac{W}{2 \tan (φ_{s} / 2)}

W < 2 D_{w} \cot (θ_{d})

	H₁	H₂	SE	Waveguide	Aspheric STG
Size	20mm*20mm	20mm*20mm	25mm*25mm	~100mm*30mm	30mm*40mm
Thickness	~10um	~10um	5mm	3mm	1.5mm
Material	Monochrome-sensitive photopolymer	Monochrome-sensitive photopolymer	Daheng ground glass	N-BK7	PMMA

FOV(°)	11.5	22.8	33.7	44
LU(%)	93.32	90.93	89.88	88.09

	H₁	H₂	SE	Waveguide	Aspheric STG
Size	20mm*20mm	20mm*20mm	25mm*25mm	~100mm*30mm	30mm*40mm
Thickness	~10um	~10um	5mm	3mm	1.5mm
Material	Monochrome-sensitive photopolymer	Monochrome-sensitive photopolymer	Daheng ground glass	N-BK7	PMMA

FOV(°)	11.5	22.8	33.7	44
LU(%)	93.32	90.93	89.88	88.09

Abstract

References

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