Adaptive liquid lens actuated by liquid crystal pistons

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S. T. Wu, “Liquid crystal pump,” Lab Chip 13(1), 100–105 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y. Liu, and S. T. Wu, “Color displays based on voltage-stretchable liquid crystal droplet,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(6), 336–340 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Zhang, K. Aljasem, H. Zappe, and A. Seifert, “Completely integrated, thermo-pneumatically tunable microlens,” Opt. Express 19(3), 2347–2362 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S.-T. Wu, “Voltage-expandable liquid crystal surface,” Lab Chip 11(20), 3426–3430 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. A. Malouin, M. J. Vogel, J. D. Olles, L. Cheng, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electromagnetic liquid pistons for capillarity-based pumping,” Lab Chip 11(3), 393–397 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Cheng, S. Xu, Y. Liu, S. Levi, and S.-T. Wu, “Adaptive mechanical-wetting lens actuated by ferrofluids,” Opt. Commun. 284(8), 2118–2121 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

D. Zhu, C. Li, X. Zeng, and H. Jiang, “Tunable-focus microlens arrays on curved surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(8), 081111–081113 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S.-T. Wu, “Effects of gravity on the shape of liquid droplets,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3255–3258 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Xu, Y. Liu, H. Ren, and S.-T. Wu, “A novel adaptive mechanical-wetting lens for visible and near infrared imaging,” Opt. Express 18(12), 12430–12435 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-S. Liu and P. D. Lin, “Miniaturized auto-focusing VCM actuator with zero holding current,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9754–9763 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-M. Son, M. Y. Kim, and Y.-J. Lee, “Tunable-focus liquid lens system controlled by antagonistic winding-type SMA actuator,” Opt. Express 17(16), 14339–14350 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y.-J. Lin, M. G. J. Moharam, S.-T. Wu, and N. Tabiryan, “Adaptive liquid lens actuated by photo-polymer,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17590–17595 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Oku and M. Ishikawa, “High-speed liquid lens with 2 ms response and 80.3 nm root-mean-square wavefront error,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221108 (2009).
[Crossref]

S. W. Lee and S. S. Lee, “Focal tunable liquid lens integrated with an electromagnetic actuator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(12), 121129 (2007).
[Crossref]

W.-S. Seo, K. Yoshida, S. Yokota, and K. Edamura, “A high performance planar pump using electro-conjugate fluid with improved electrode patterns,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 134(2), 606–614 (2007).
[Crossref]

C.-C. Cheng and J. A. Yeh, “Dielectrically actuated liquid lens,” Opt. Express 15(12), 7140–7145 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, D. Fox, P. A. Anderson, B. Wu, and S.-T. Wu, “Tunable-focus liquid lens controlled using a servo motor,” Opt. Express 14(18), 8031–8036 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dong, A. K. Agarwal, D. J. Beebe, and H. Jiang, “Adaptive liquid microlenses activated by stimuli-responsive hydrogels,” Nature 442(7102), 551–554 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. A. López, C.-C. Lee, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electrochemically activated adaptive liquid lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(13), 134102 (2005).
[Crossref]

M. Vallet, B. Berge, and L. Vovelle, “Electrowetting of water and aqueous solutions on poly(ethylene terephthalate) insulating films,” Polymer 37(12), 2465–2470 (1996).
[Crossref]

N. Sugiura and S. Morita, “Variable-focus liquid-filled optical lens,” Appl. Opt. 32(22), 4181–4186 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dong, A. K. Agarwal, D. J. Beebe, and H. Jiang, “Adaptive liquid microlenses activated by stimuli-responsive hydrogels,” Nature 442(7102), 551–554 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Zhang, K. Aljasem, H. Zappe, and A. Seifert, “Completely integrated, thermo-pneumatically tunable microlens,” Opt. Express 19(3), 2347–2362 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, D. Fox, P. A. Anderson, B. Wu, and S.-T. Wu, “Tunable-focus liquid lens controlled using a servo motor,” Opt. Express 14(18), 8031–8036 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dong, A. K. Agarwal, D. J. Beebe, and H. Jiang, “Adaptive liquid microlenses activated by stimuli-responsive hydrogels,” Nature 442(7102), 551–554 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Vallet, B. Berge, and L. Vovelle, “Electrowetting of water and aqueous solutions on poly(ethylene terephthalate) insulating films,” Polymer 37(12), 2465–2470 (1996).
[Crossref]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

C.-C. Cheng and J. A. Yeh, “Dielectrically actuated liquid lens,” Opt. Express 15(12), 7140–7145 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Cheng, S. Xu, Y. Liu, S. Levi, and S.-T. Wu, “Adaptive mechanical-wetting lens actuated by ferrofluids,” Opt. Commun. 284(8), 2118–2121 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. A. Malouin, M. J. Vogel, J. D. Olles, L. Cheng, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electromagnetic liquid pistons for capillarity-based pumping,” Lab Chip 11(3), 393–397 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Dong, A. K. Agarwal, D. J. Beebe, and H. Jiang, “Adaptive liquid microlenses activated by stimuli-responsive hydrogels,” Nature 442(7102), 551–554 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W.-S. Seo, K. Yoshida, S. Yokota, and K. Edamura, “A high performance planar pump using electro-conjugate fluid with improved electrode patterns,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 134(2), 606–614 (2007).
[Crossref]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, D. Fox, P. A. Anderson, B. Wu, and S.-T. Wu, “Tunable-focus liquid lens controlled using a servo motor,” Opt. Express 14(18), 8031–8036 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. A. Malouin, M. J. Vogel, J. D. Olles, L. Cheng, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electromagnetic liquid pistons for capillarity-based pumping,” Lab Chip 11(3), 393–397 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. A. López, C.-C. Lee, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electrochemically activated adaptive liquid lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(13), 134102 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Oku and M. Ishikawa, “High-speed liquid lens with 2 ms response and 80.3 nm root-mean-square wavefront error,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221108 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

D. Zhu, C. Li, X. Zeng, and H. Jiang, “Tunable-focus microlens arrays on curved surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(8), 081111–081113 (2010).
[Crossref]

L. Dong, A. K. Agarwal, D. J. Beebe, and H. Jiang, “Adaptive liquid microlenses activated by stimuli-responsive hydrogels,” Nature 442(7102), 551–554 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-M. Son, M. Y. Kim, and Y.-J. Lee, “Tunable-focus liquid lens system controlled by antagonistic winding-type SMA actuator,” Opt. Express 17(16), 14339–14350 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

C. A. López, C.-C. Lee, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electrochemically activated adaptive liquid lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(13), 134102 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. W. Lee and S. S. Lee, “Focal tunable liquid lens integrated with an electromagnetic actuator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(12), 121129 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. W. Lee and S. S. Lee, “Focal tunable liquid lens integrated with an electromagnetic actuator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(12), 121129 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-M. Son, M. Y. Kim, and Y.-J. Lee, “Tunable-focus liquid lens system controlled by antagonistic winding-type SMA actuator,” Opt. Express 17(16), 14339–14350 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Cheng, S. Xu, Y. Liu, S. Levi, and S.-T. Wu, “Adaptive mechanical-wetting lens actuated by ferrofluids,” Opt. Commun. 284(8), 2118–2121 (2011).
[Crossref]

D. Zhu, C. Li, X. Zeng, and H. Jiang, “Tunable-focus microlens arrays on curved surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(8), 081111–081113 (2010).
[Crossref]

C.-S. Liu and P. D. Lin, “Miniaturized auto-focusing VCM actuator with zero holding current,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9754–9763 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y.-J. Lin, M. G. J. Moharam, S.-T. Wu, and N. Tabiryan, “Adaptive liquid lens actuated by photo-polymer,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17590–17595 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C.-S. Liu and P. D. Lin, “Miniaturized auto-focusing VCM actuator with zero holding current,” Opt. Express 17(12), 9754–9763 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y. Liu, and S. T. Wu, “Color displays based on voltage-stretchable liquid crystal droplet,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(6), 336–340 (2012).
[Crossref]

H.-C. Cheng, S. Xu, Y. Liu, S. Levi, and S.-T. Wu, “Adaptive mechanical-wetting lens actuated by ferrofluids,” Opt. Commun. 284(8), 2118–2121 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Xu, Y. Liu, H. Ren, and S.-T. Wu, “A novel adaptive mechanical-wetting lens for visible and near infrared imaging,” Opt. Express 18(12), 12430–12435 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. A. López, C.-C. Lee, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electrochemically activated adaptive liquid lens,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87(13), 134102 (2005).
[Crossref]

B. A. Malouin, M. J. Vogel, J. D. Olles, L. Cheng, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electromagnetic liquid pistons for capillarity-based pumping,” Lab Chip 11(3), 393–397 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y.-J. Lin, M. G. J. Moharam, S.-T. Wu, and N. Tabiryan, “Adaptive liquid lens actuated by photo-polymer,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17590–17595 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

N. Sugiura and S. Morita, “Variable-focus liquid-filled optical lens,” Appl. Opt. 32(22), 4181–4186 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Oku and M. Ishikawa, “High-speed liquid lens with 2 ms response and 80.3 nm root-mean-square wavefront error,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(22), 221108 (2009).
[Crossref]

B. A. Malouin, M. J. Vogel, J. D. Olles, L. Cheng, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electromagnetic liquid pistons for capillarity-based pumping,” Lab Chip 11(3), 393–397 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S. T. Wu, “Liquid crystal pump,” Lab Chip 13(1), 100–105 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y. Liu, and S. T. Wu, “Color displays based on voltage-stretchable liquid crystal droplet,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(6), 336–340 (2012).
[Crossref]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S.-T. Wu, “Voltage-expandable liquid crystal surface,” Lab Chip 11(20), 3426–3430 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S.-T. Wu, “Effects of gravity on the shape of liquid droplets,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3255–3258 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Xu, Y. Liu, H. Ren, and S.-T. Wu, “A novel adaptive mechanical-wetting lens for visible and near infrared imaging,” Opt. Express 18(12), 12430–12435 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y.-J. Lin, M. G. J. Moharam, S.-T. Wu, and N. Tabiryan, “Adaptive liquid lens actuated by photo-polymer,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17590–17595 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, D. Fox, P. A. Anderson, B. Wu, and S.-T. Wu, “Tunable-focus liquid lens controlled using a servo motor,” Opt. Express 14(18), 8031–8036 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

W. Zhang, K. Aljasem, H. Zappe, and A. Seifert, “Completely integrated, thermo-pneumatically tunable microlens,” Opt. Express 19(3), 2347–2362 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W.-S. Seo, K. Yoshida, S. Yokota, and K. Edamura, “A high performance planar pump using electro-conjugate fluid with improved electrode patterns,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 134(2), 606–614 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

H.-M. Son, M. Y. Kim, and Y.-J. Lee, “Tunable-focus liquid lens system controlled by antagonistic winding-type SMA actuator,” Opt. Express 17(16), 14339–14350 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. I. Son, D. Pugal, T. Hwang, H. R. Choi, J. C. Koo, Y. Lee, K. Kim, and J.-D. Nam, “Electromechanically driven variable-focus lens based on transparent dielectric elastomer,” Appl. Opt. 51(15), 2987–2996 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Sugiura and S. Morita, “Variable-focus liquid-filled optical lens,” Appl. Opt. 32(22), 4181–4186 (1993).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y.-J. Lin, M. G. J. Moharam, S.-T. Wu, and N. Tabiryan, “Adaptive liquid lens actuated by photo-polymer,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17590–17595 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Vallet, B. Berge, and L. Vovelle, “Electrowetting of water and aqueous solutions on poly(ethylene terephthalate) insulating films,” Polymer 37(12), 2465–2470 (1996).
[Crossref]

L. Miccio, A. Finizio, S. Grilli, V. Vespini, M. Paturzo, S. De Nicola, and P. Ferraro, “Tunable liquid microlens arrays in electrode-less configuration and their accurate characterization by interference microscopy,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2487–2499 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Pouydebasque, C. Bridoux, F. Jacquet, S. Moreau, E. Sage, D. Saint-Patrice, C. Bouvier, C. Kopp, G. Marchand, S. Bolis, N. Sillon, and E. Vigier-Blanc, “Varifocal liquid lenses with integrated actuator, high focusing power and low operating voltage fabricated on 200 mm wafers,” Sens. Actuators A Phys. 172(1), 280–286 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. A. Malouin, M. J. Vogel, J. D. Olles, L. Cheng, and A. H. Hirsa, “Electromagnetic liquid pistons for capillarity-based pumping,” Lab Chip 11(3), 393–397 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Vallet, B. Berge, and L. Vovelle, “Electrowetting of water and aqueous solutions on poly(ethylene terephthalate) insulating films,” Polymer 37(12), 2465–2470 (1996).
[Crossref]

H. Ren, D. Fox, P. A. Anderson, B. Wu, and S.-T. Wu, “Tunable-focus liquid lens controlled using a servo motor,” Opt. Express 14(18), 8031–8036 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S. T. Wu, “Liquid crystal pump,” Lab Chip 13(1), 100–105 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y. Liu, and S. T. Wu, “Color displays based on voltage-stretchable liquid crystal droplet,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(6), 336–340 (2012).
[Crossref]

H.-C. Cheng, S. Xu, Y. Liu, S. Levi, and S.-T. Wu, “Adaptive mechanical-wetting lens actuated by ferrofluids,” Opt. Commun. 284(8), 2118–2121 (2011).
[Crossref]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S.-T. Wu, “Voltage-expandable liquid crystal surface,” Lab Chip 11(20), 3426–3430 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S.-T. Wu, “Effects of gravity on the shape of liquid droplets,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3255–3258 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Xu, Y. Liu, H. Ren, and S.-T. Wu, “A novel adaptive mechanical-wetting lens for visible and near infrared imaging,” Opt. Express 18(12), 12430–12435 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Xu, H. Ren, Y.-J. Lin, M. G. J. Moharam, S.-T. Wu, and N. Tabiryan, “Adaptive liquid lens actuated by photo-polymer,” Opt. Express 17(20), 17590–17595 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, D. Fox, P. A. Anderson, B. Wu, and S.-T. Wu, “Tunable-focus liquid lens controlled using a servo motor,” Opt. Express 14(18), 8031–8036 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ren, S. Xu, and S. T. Wu, “Liquid crystal pump,” Lab Chip 13(1), 100–105 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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