Abstract

We propose a liquid crystal (LC) polarization grating that conserves the polarization state of incident light, wherein the variation range of the twist angle is 2π. The design scheme for theoretically 100% diffraction efficiency of the first-diffraction order is derived, and a prototype LC grating is evaluated. Under zero voltage, the fabricated LC grating exhibits high efficiency of the first-order diffraction, validating the proposed design scheme. The high efficiency of the second-order diffraction can also be achieved under a high voltage so that the LC director in the midplane is vertical to the substrate plane. The circular polarization sense of the second-order diffraction is identical to that of the incident light as in the case of the first-order diffraction. This grating functions as a beam deflector, steering the input beam in three different directions (zeroth-, first-, and second-order diffractions) by adjusting the applied voltage.

© 2012 OSA

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References

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  26. S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (3)

2009 (1)

2008 (2)

C. Oh and M. J. Escuti, “Achromatic diffraction from polarization gratings with high efficiency,” Opt. Lett. 33(20), 2287–2289 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Shi, P. F. McManamon, and P. J. Bos, “Liquid crystal optical phase plate with a variable in-plane gradient,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(3), 033109 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

J.-C. Chao, W.-Y. Wu, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Diffraction characteristics of a liquid crystal polarization grating analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain method,” Opt. Express 15(25), 16702–16711 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. K. Komanduri and M. J. Escuti, “Elastic continuum analysis of the liquid crystal polarization grating,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 76(2), 021701 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (7)

M. J. Escuti, C. Oh, C. Sanchez, C. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Simplified spectropolarimetry using reactive mesogen polarization gratings,” Proc. SPIE 6302, 630207, 630207-11 (2006).
[Crossref]

V. Presnyakov, K. Asatryan, T. Galstian, and V. Chigrinov, “Optical polarization grating induced liquid crystal micro-structure using azo-dye command layer,” Opt. Express 14(22), 10558–10564 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Provenzano, P. Pagliusi, and G. Cipparrone, “Highly efficient liquid crystal based diffraction grating induced by polarization holograms at the aligning surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(12), 121105 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Sarkissian, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, L. B. Glebov, V. Rotar, and B. Y. Zeldovich, “Polarization-controlled switching between diffraction orders in transverse-periodically aligned nematic liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2248–2250 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S.-T. Wu, Y. S. Chen, J. H. Guo, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Fabrication of twisted nematic gratings using polarization hologram based on azo-dye-doped liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(12), 9146–9151 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Sarkissian, B. Park, N. Tabirian, and B. Zeldovich, “Periodically aligned liquid crystal: potential application for projection displays,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 451(1), 1–19 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

G. P. Crawford, J. N. Eakin, M. D. Radcliffe, A. Callan-Jones, and R. A. Pelcovits, “Liquid-crystal diffraction gratings using polarization holography alignment techniques,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(12), 123102 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (2)

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Liquid-crystal blazed grating with azimuthally distributed liquid-crystal directors,” Appl. Opt. 43(27), 5193–5197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (2)

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Polarization-independent liquid crystal grating fabricated by microrubbing process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 1, No. 11), 6992–6997 (2003).
[Crossref]

H. Ono, A. Emoto, F. Takahashi, N. Kawatsuki, and T. Hasegawa, “Highly stable polarization gratings in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 94(3), 1298–1303 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (2)

1999 (1)

1998 (1)

1990 (1)

A. Lien, “The general and simplified Jones matrix representations for the high pretilt twisted nematic cell,” J. Appl. Phys. 67(6), 2853–2856 (1990).
[Crossref]

Arbuzov, A. V.

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

Asatryan, K.

Barnik, M. I.

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bastiaansen, C.

M. J. Escuti, C. Oh, C. Sanchez, C. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Simplified spectropolarimetry using reactive mesogen polarization gratings,” Proc. SPIE 6302, 630207, 630207-11 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bastiaansen, C. W. M.

S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
[Crossref]

Blinov, L. M.

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, and L. M. Blinov, “Permanent polarization gratings in photosensitive Langmuir-Blodgett films for polarimetric applications,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19(5), 1157–1161 (2002).
[Crossref]

Bos, P. J.

L. Shi, P. F. McManamon, and P. J. Bos, “Liquid crystal optical phase plate with a variable in-plane gradient,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(3), 033109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Broer, D. J.

M. J. Escuti, C. Oh, C. Sanchez, C. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Simplified spectropolarimetry using reactive mesogen polarization gratings,” Proc. SPIE 6302, 630207, 630207-11 (2006).
[Crossref]

Broer, D.J.

S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
[Crossref]

Callan-Jones, A.

G. P. Crawford, J. N. Eakin, M. D. Radcliffe, A. Callan-Jones, and R. A. Pelcovits, “Liquid-crystal diffraction gratings using polarization holography alignment techniques,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(12), 123102 (2005).
[Crossref]

Chao, J.-C.

Chen, Y. S.

S.-T. Wu, Y. S. Chen, J. H. Guo, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Fabrication of twisted nematic gratings using polarization hologram based on azo-dye-doped liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(12), 9146–9151 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chigrinov, V.

Cipparrone, G.

C. Provenzano, P. Pagliusi, and G. Cipparrone, “Highly efficient liquid crystal based diffraction grating induced by polarization holograms at the aligning surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(12), 121105 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, and L. M. Blinov, “Permanent polarization gratings in photosensitive Langmuir-Blodgett films for polarimetric applications,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19(5), 1157–1161 (2002).
[Crossref]

Crawford, G. P.

G. P. Crawford, J. N. Eakin, M. D. Radcliffe, A. Callan-Jones, and R. A. Pelcovits, “Liquid-crystal diffraction gratings using polarization holography alignment techniques,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(12), 123102 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
[Crossref]

Davis, J. A.

de Boer, D. K. G.

S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
[Crossref]

Eakin, J. N.

G. P. Crawford, J. N. Eakin, M. D. Radcliffe, A. Callan-Jones, and R. A. Pelcovits, “Liquid-crystal diffraction gratings using polarization holography alignment techniques,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(12), 123102 (2005).
[Crossref]

Emoto, A.

H. Ono, A. Emoto, F. Takahashi, N. Kawatsuki, and T. Hasegawa, “Highly stable polarization gratings in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 94(3), 1298–1303 (2003).
[Crossref]

Escuti, M. J.

C. Oh and M. J. Escuti, “Achromatic diffraction from polarization gratings with high efficiency,” Opt. Lett. 33(20), 2287–2289 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. K. Komanduri and M. J. Escuti, “Elastic continuum analysis of the liquid crystal polarization grating,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 76(2), 021701 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. J. Escuti, C. Oh, C. Sanchez, C. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Simplified spectropolarimetry using reactive mesogen polarization gratings,” Proc. SPIE 6302, 630207, 630207-11 (2006).
[Crossref]

Fuh, A. Y.-G.

J.-C. Chao, W.-Y. Wu, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Diffraction characteristics of a liquid crystal polarization grating analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain method,” Opt. Express 15(25), 16702–16711 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S.-T. Wu, Y. S. Chen, J. H. Guo, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Fabrication of twisted nematic gratings using polarization hologram based on azo-dye-doped liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(12), 9146–9151 (2006).
[Crossref]

Galstian, T.

Glebov, L. B.

Gori, F.

Guo, J. H.

S.-T. Wu, Y. S. Chen, J. H. Guo, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Fabrication of twisted nematic gratings using polarization hologram based on azo-dye-doped liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(12), 9146–9151 (2006).
[Crossref]

Hasegawa, T.

H. Ono, A. Emoto, F. Takahashi, N. Kawatsuki, and T. Hasegawa, “Highly stable polarization gratings in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 94(3), 1298–1303 (2003).
[Crossref]

Hoke, L.

Honma, M.

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Temperature-independent achromatic liquid-crystal grating with spatially distributed twisted-nematic orientation,” Appl. Phys. Express 5(6), 062501 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Liquid-crystal blazed grating with azimuthally distributed liquid-crystal directors,” Appl. Opt. 43(27), 5193–5197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Polarization-independent liquid crystal grating fabricated by microrubbing process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 1, No. 11), 6992–6997 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kawatsuki, N.

M. Kuzuwata, T. Sasaki, N. Kawatsuki, and H. Ono, “Fabrication of twisted nematic structure and vector grating cells by one-step exposure on photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 37(6), 1115–1117 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ono, A. Emoto, F. Takahashi, N. Kawatsuki, and T. Hasegawa, “Highly stable polarization gratings in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 94(3), 1298–1303 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kim, J.

Kimball, B. R.

Komanduri, R. K.

R. K. Komanduri and M. J. Escuti, “Elastic continuum analysis of the liquid crystal polarization grating,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 76(2), 021701 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kuzuwata, M.

Lee, S.-D.

Lien, A.

A. Lien, “The general and simplified Jones matrix representations for the high pretilt twisted nematic cell,” J. Appl. Phys. 67(6), 2853–2856 (1990).
[Crossref]

Mazzulla, A.

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, and L. M. Blinov, “Permanent polarization gratings in photosensitive Langmuir-Blodgett films for polarimetric applications,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19(5), 1157–1161 (2002).
[Crossref]

McManamon, P. F.

L. Shi, P. F. McManamon, and P. J. Bos, “Liquid crystal optical phase plate with a variable in-plane gradient,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(3), 033109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Moreno, I.

Na, J. H.

Nersisyan, S. R.

Nose, T.

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Temperature-independent achromatic liquid-crystal grating with spatially distributed twisted-nematic orientation,” Appl. Phys. Express 5(6), 062501 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Liquid-crystal blazed grating with azimuthally distributed liquid-crystal directors,” Appl. Opt. 43(27), 5193–5197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Polarization-independent liquid crystal grating fabricated by microrubbing process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 1, No. 11), 6992–6997 (2003).
[Crossref]

Oh, C.

C. Oh and M. J. Escuti, “Achromatic diffraction from polarization gratings with high efficiency,” Opt. Lett. 33(20), 2287–2289 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. J. Escuti, C. Oh, C. Sanchez, C. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Simplified spectropolarimetry using reactive mesogen polarization gratings,” Proc. SPIE 6302, 630207, 630207-11 (2006).
[Crossref]

Ono, H.

M. Kuzuwata, T. Sasaki, N. Kawatsuki, and H. Ono, “Fabrication of twisted nematic structure and vector grating cells by one-step exposure on photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 37(6), 1115–1117 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Ono, A. Emoto, F. Takahashi, N. Kawatsuki, and T. Hasegawa, “Highly stable polarization gratings in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 94(3), 1298–1303 (2003).
[Crossref]

Pagliusi, P.

C. Provenzano, P. Pagliusi, and G. Cipparrone, “Highly efficient liquid crystal based diffraction grating induced by polarization holograms at the aligning surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(12), 121105 (2006).
[Crossref]

Palto, S. P.

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

Park, B.

H. Sarkissian, B. Park, N. Tabirian, and B. Zeldovich, “Periodically aligned liquid crystal: potential application for projection displays,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 451(1), 1–19 (2006).
[Crossref]

Pelcovits, R. A.

G. P. Crawford, J. N. Eakin, M. D. Radcliffe, A. Callan-Jones, and R. A. Pelcovits, “Liquid-crystal diffraction gratings using polarization holography alignment techniques,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(12), 123102 (2005).
[Crossref]

Petschek, R. G.

Presnyakov, V.

Provenzano, C.

C. Provenzano, P. Pagliusi, and G. Cipparrone, “Highly efficient liquid crystal based diffraction grating induced by polarization holograms at the aligning surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(12), 121105 (2006).
[Crossref]

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

Radcliffe, M. D.

G. P. Crawford, J. N. Eakin, M. D. Radcliffe, A. Callan-Jones, and R. A. Pelcovits, “Liquid-crystal diffraction gratings using polarization holography alignment techniques,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(12), 123102 (2005).
[Crossref]

Rosenblatt, C.

Rotar, V.

Sanchez, C.

M. J. Escuti, C. Oh, C. Sanchez, C. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Simplified spectropolarimetry using reactive mesogen polarization gratings,” Proc. SPIE 6302, 630207, 630207-11 (2006).
[Crossref]

Sarkissian, H.

H. Sarkissian, B. Park, N. Tabirian, and B. Zeldovich, “Periodically aligned liquid crystal: potential application for projection displays,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 451(1), 1–19 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Sarkissian, S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, L. B. Glebov, V. Rotar, and B. Y. Zeldovich, “Polarization-controlled switching between diffraction orders in transverse-periodically aligned nematic liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 31(15), 2248–2250 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sasaki, T.

Serak, S. V.

Shi, L.

L. Shi, P. F. McManamon, and P. J. Bos, “Liquid crystal optical phase plate with a variable in-plane gradient,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(3), 033109 (2008).
[Crossref]

Steeves, D. M.

Tabirian, N.

H. Sarkissian, B. Park, N. Tabirian, and B. Zeldovich, “Periodically aligned liquid crystal: potential application for projection displays,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 451(1), 1–19 (2006).
[Crossref]

Tabiryan, N. V.

Takahashi, F.

H. Ono, A. Emoto, F. Takahashi, N. Kawatsuki, and T. Hasegawa, “Highly stable polarization gratings in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 94(3), 1298–1303 (2003).
[Crossref]

Tsai, P.

Umanskii, B. A.

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

Varghese, S.

S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
[Crossref]

Wen, B.

Wu, S.-T.

S.-T. Wu, Y. S. Chen, J. H. Guo, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Fabrication of twisted nematic gratings using polarization hologram based on azo-dye-doped liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(12), 9146–9151 (2006).
[Crossref]

Wu, W.-Y.

Zeldovich, B.

H. Sarkissian, B. Park, N. Tabirian, and B. Zeldovich, “Periodically aligned liquid crystal: potential application for projection displays,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 451(1), 1–19 (2006).
[Crossref]

Zeldovich, B. Y.

Appl. Opt. (3)

Appl. Phys. Express (1)

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Temperature-independent achromatic liquid-crystal grating with spatially distributed twisted-nematic orientation,” Appl. Phys. Express 5(6), 062501 (2012).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

C. Provenzano, P. Pagliusi, and G. Cipparrone, “Highly efficient liquid crystal based diffraction grating induced by polarization holograms at the aligning surfaces,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(12), 121105 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Varghese, G. P. Crawford, C. W. M. Bastiaansen, D. K. G. de Boer, and D.J. Broer, “Microrubbing technique to produce high pretilt multidomain liquid crystal alignment,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(2), 230–232 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (4)

A. Lien, “The general and simplified Jones matrix representations for the high pretilt twisted nematic cell,” J. Appl. Phys. 67(6), 2853–2856 (1990).
[Crossref]

L. Shi, P. F. McManamon, and P. J. Bos, “Liquid crystal optical phase plate with a variable in-plane gradient,” J. Appl. Phys. 104(3), 033109 (2008).
[Crossref]

G. P. Crawford, J. N. Eakin, M. D. Radcliffe, A. Callan-Jones, and R. A. Pelcovits, “Liquid-crystal diffraction gratings using polarization holography alignment techniques,” J. Appl. Phys. 98(12), 123102 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. Ono, A. Emoto, F. Takahashi, N. Kawatsuki, and T. Hasegawa, “Highly stable polarization gratings in photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals,” J. Appl. Phys. 94(3), 1298–1303 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (2)

S.-T. Wu, Y. S. Chen, J. H. Guo, and A. Y.-G. Fuh, “Fabrication of twisted nematic gratings using polarization hologram based on azo-dye-doped liquid crystals,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(12), 9146–9151 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. Honma and T. Nose, “Polarization-independent liquid crystal grating fabricated by microrubbing process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 1, No. 11), 6992–6997 (2003).
[Crossref]

Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) (2)

L. M. Blinov, G. Cipparrone, A. Mazzulla, C. Provenzano, S. P. Palto, M. I. Barnik, A. V. Arbuzov, and B. A. Umanskii, “A nematic liquid crystal as an amplifying replica of a holographic polarization grating,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 449(1), 147–160 (2006).
[Crossref]

H. Sarkissian, B. Park, N. Tabirian, and B. Zeldovich, “Periodically aligned liquid crystal: potential application for projection displays,” Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. (Phila. Pa.) 451(1), 1–19 (2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (4)

Opt. Lett. (4)

Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. (1)

R. K. Komanduri and M. J. Escuti, “Elastic continuum analysis of the liquid crystal polarization grating,” Phys. Rev. E Stat. Nonlin. Soft Matter Phys. 76(2), 021701 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE (1)

M. J. Escuti, C. Oh, C. Sanchez, C. Bastiaansen, and D. J. Broer, “Simplified spectropolarimetry using reactive mesogen polarization gratings,” Proc. SPIE 6302, 630207, 630207-11 (2006).
[Crossref]

Other (5)

R. K. Komanduri, C. Oh, and M. J. Escuti, “Polarization independent projection systems using thin film polymer polarization gratings and standard liquid crystal microdisplays,” SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 40, 487–490 (2009).

E. Seo, H. C. Kee, Y. Kim, S. Jeong, H. Choi, S. Lee, J. Kim, R. K. Komanduri, and M. J. Escuti, “Polarization conversion system using a polymer polarization grating,” SID Int. Symp. Dig. Tech. Pap. 42, 540–543 (2011).

T. Scharf, Polarized Light in Liquid Crystals and Polymers, (Wiley Interscience, 2006) p. 337.

H. P. Herzig, et al., Diffractive Optics and Optical Microsystems, (Plenum Press, 1997) p. 26.

D.-K. Yang and S.-T. Wu, Fundamentals of Liquid Crystal Devices (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2006) Chap. 3.

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Definitions of twist angle (Φ) and azimuthal angle of surface LC directors on input and output substrates (Ψi and Ψo). Twist angle is defined to be Φ = Ψo − Ψi.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2

(a) Microrubbing pattern and (b) surface LC molecular orientation of the LC polarization grating, where the grating period is Λ = 80 µm.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3

(a) Microscope image of the LC polarization grating under crossed polarizers (Λ = 80 µm). (b) LC molecular orientation model. (c) Spatial distribution profile of twist angle Φ(x), where profile is approximated by eight steps.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4

(a) Relationship between normalized retardation R/λ and applied voltage, where λ = 633 nm and T = 24°C. Inset shows temperature dependence of normalized retardation. Temperature dependence of diffraction efficiency when (b) right- and (c) left-handed circularly polarized light beams are incident.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5

Relationship between diffraction efficiency and applied voltage when incident light is (a) right- and (b) left-handed circularly polarized, where λ = 633 nm and T = 24°C.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6

LC molecular orientation models in regimes (a) I and (b) II. Rubbing directions on the upper and lower polyimide surfaces are the same (parallel). Light propagation behavior for RCP and LCP incidences is also illustrated.

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Equations (15)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

W TN E in =a E in ,
a j =p+i ( −1 ) j 1− p 2 ,
p= 1 1+ u 2 sinΘsinΦ+cosΘcosΦ
u= πΔnd Φλ
Θ=Φ 1+ u 2 .
a j =exp{ i ( −1 ) j ϕ },
cosϕ= 1 1+ u 2 sinΘsinΦ+cosΘcosΦ
Θ=Nπ
E out = ( −1 ) N exp{ i ( −1 ) j Φ } E in .
Δnd=Nλ.
E in ( j ) = 1 2 ( 1 ( −1 ) j+1 i ),
E out ( j ) = 1 2 ( −1 ) N exp{ ( −1 ) j iΦ }( 1 ( −1 ) j+1 i ).
η m = | 1 Λ ∫ 0 Λ− Λ d E ox exp( −i 2πm Λ x )dx | 2 + | 1 Λ ∫ 0 Λ− Λ d E oy exp( −i 2πm Λ x )dx | 2 ,
η 1 = ( Λ− Λ d Λ ) 2 ,
η= sin 2 ( π/L ) ( π/L ) 2 ,

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