Abstract

A silicon waveguide based TE mode converter was designed for the mode conversion between a horizontal waveguide and vertical waveguide in the two-layer structure waveguide based polarization diversity circuit. The TE mode converter’s performance was studied. The polarization mode converter with minimum length of 5μm was demonstrated to provide the TE mode conversion while maintaining the polarization status. The insertion loss at the transition region was less than 2dB.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. M. A. Popović, T. Barwicz, M. S. Dahlem, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, H. I. Smith, F. X. Kärtner and E. P. Ippen, “Hitless-reconfigurable and bandwidth-scalable silicon photonic circuits for telecom and interconnect applications,” Proceeding of OFC/NFOEC, 1 – 3 (2008).
  2. Y. A. Vlasov, F. Xia, S. Assefa, W M. J. Green, “Silicon micro-resonators for on-chip optical networks,” Proceeding of CLEO/QELS, 1 – 2 (2008).
  3. S. Nakamura, C. Tao, M. Ishizaka, M. Tokushima, Y. Urino, M. Sakauchi, I. Nishioka, K. Fukuchi, “Ultra-small one-chip color-less multiplexer/ demultiplexer using silicon photonic circuit,” Proceeding of ECOC, 175 – 176 (2008).
  4. H. Fukuda, K. Yamada, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, H. Shinojima, and S. Itabashi, “Ultrasmall polarization splitter based on silicon wire waveguides,” Opt. Express 14(25), 12401–12408 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. M. R. Watts, H. A. Haus, and E. P. Ippen, “Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization splitter,” Opt. Lett. 30(9), 967–969 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. M. R. Watts and H. A. Haus, “Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization rotators,” Opt. Lett. 30(2), 138–140 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. M. R. Watts, M. Qi, T. Barwicz, L. Socci, P. T. Rakich, E. P. Ippen, H. I. Smith, and H. A. Haus, “Towards integrated polarization diversity: design, fabrication, and characterization of integrated polarization splitters and rotators,” 2005 Optical Fiber Communications Conference Postdeadline Papers, 5, (2005).
  10. T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  11. M. Romagnoli, L. Socci, L. Bolla, S. Ghidini, P. Galli, C. Rampinini, G. Mutinati, A. Nottola, A. Cabas, S. Doneda, M. Di Muri, R. Morson, T. Tomasi, G. Zuliani, S. Lorenzotti, D. Chacon, S. Marinoni, R. Corsini, F. Giacometti, S. Sardo, M. Gentili, and G. Grasso, “Silicon Photonics in Pirelli,” in Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits. Edited by Righini, Giancarlo C.; Honkanen, Seppo K.; Pavesi, Lorenzo; Vivien, Laurent. Proceedings of the SPIE, 6996(699611), 1–8 (2008).
  12. J. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon waveguide based mode-evolution polarization rotator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 53–60 (2010).
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2010 (1)

J. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon waveguide based mode-evolution polarization rotator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 53–60 (2010).
[Crossref]

2008 (2)

2007 (1)

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

2005 (2)

2003 (1)

Almeida, V. R.

Barwicz, T.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fukuda, H.

Haus, H. A.

Ippen, E. P.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. R. Watts, H. A. Haus, and E. P. Ippen, “Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization splitter,” Opt. Lett. 30(9), 967–969 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Itabashi, S.

Kärtner, F. X.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kwong, D. L.

J. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon waveguide based mode-evolution polarization rotator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 53–60 (2010).
[Crossref]

Lipson, M.

Lo, G.

J. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon waveguide based mode-evolution polarization rotator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 53–60 (2010).
[Crossref]

Panepucci, R. R.

Popovic, M. A.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

Rakich, P. T.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

Shinojima, H.

Smith, H. I.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

Socci, L.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

Tsuchizawa, T.

Watanabe, T.

Watts, M. R.

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. R. Watts, H. A. Haus, and E. P. Ippen, “Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization splitter,” Opt. Lett. 30(9), 967–969 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. R. Watts and H. A. Haus, “Integrated mode-evolution-based polarization rotators,” Opt. Lett. 30(2), 138–140 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yamada, K.

Yu, M.

J. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon waveguide based mode-evolution polarization rotator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 53–60 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhang, J.

J. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon waveguide based mode-evolution polarization rotator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 53–60 (2010).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

J. Zhang, M. Yu, G. Lo, and D. L. Kwong, “Silicon waveguide based mode-evolution polarization rotator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 53–60 (2010).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (1)

T. Barwicz, M. R. Watts, M. A. Popović, P. T. Rakich, L. Socci, F. X. Kärtner, E. P. Ippen, and H. I. Smith, “Polarization-transparent microphotonic devices in the strong confinement limit,” Nat. Photonics 1(1), 57–60 (2007).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (3)

Other (5)

M. A. Popović, T. Barwicz, M. S. Dahlem, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, P. T. Rakich, M. R. Watts, H. I. Smith, F. X. Kärtner and E. P. Ippen, “Hitless-reconfigurable and bandwidth-scalable silicon photonic circuits for telecom and interconnect applications,” Proceeding of OFC/NFOEC, 1 – 3 (2008).

Y. A. Vlasov, F. Xia, S. Assefa, W M. J. Green, “Silicon micro-resonators for on-chip optical networks,” Proceeding of CLEO/QELS, 1 – 2 (2008).

S. Nakamura, C. Tao, M. Ishizaka, M. Tokushima, Y. Urino, M. Sakauchi, I. Nishioka, K. Fukuchi, “Ultra-small one-chip color-less multiplexer/ demultiplexer using silicon photonic circuit,” Proceeding of ECOC, 175 – 176 (2008).

M. R. Watts, M. Qi, T. Barwicz, L. Socci, P. T. Rakich, E. P. Ippen, H. I. Smith, and H. A. Haus, “Towards integrated polarization diversity: design, fabrication, and characterization of integrated polarization splitters and rotators,” 2005 Optical Fiber Communications Conference Postdeadline Papers, 5, (2005).

M. Romagnoli, L. Socci, L. Bolla, S. Ghidini, P. Galli, C. Rampinini, G. Mutinati, A. Nottola, A. Cabas, S. Doneda, M. Di Muri, R. Morson, T. Tomasi, G. Zuliani, S. Lorenzotti, D. Chacon, S. Marinoni, R. Corsini, F. Giacometti, S. Sardo, M. Gentili, and G. Grasso, “Silicon Photonics in Pirelli,” in Silicon Photonics and Photonic Integrated Circuits. Edited by Righini, Giancarlo C.; Honkanen, Seppo K.; Pavesi, Lorenzo; Vivien, Laurent. Proceedings of the SPIE, 6996(699611), 1–8 (2008).

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 The design of silicon waveguide based polarization mode converter.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Cross-sections of the waveguide at (a) A-A’, (b) B-B’, and (c) C-C’ in transition region.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The insertion loss of the TE mode converter across the transition length.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a)-(g) TE mode profiles in transition waveguide from the input to the output.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Ex component propagation along the polarization mode converter.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Combined polarization rotator and mode converter.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 SEM picture of the two-layer structure at the transition region of polarization mode converter.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1 Insertion losses and polarization extinction ratios of the TE mode converter

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Table 2 Insertion losses and polarization extinction ratios of the TE mode converter

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