Abstract

A new photonic signal processor structure that can realise multiple-taps, with a general response capability, low-noise and widely tunable processor operation, is presented. It is based on a novel concept of employing positive and negative group delay slopes simultaneously by means of a dual-fed chirped fiber Bragg grating, and a new wavelength mapping scheme that enables wavelength re-use. The technique offers scalability, arbitrary responses with both positive and negative taps, tunability, and high frequency operation. Experimental results demonstrate widely tunable filters, with arbitrary bipolar tap generation, no PIIN noise, and with high FSR.

© 2009 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. R. A. Minasian, “Photonic signal processing of microwave signals,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 54, 832–846 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  2. B. Moslehi and J. W. Goodman, “Novel amplified fiber-optic recirculating delay line processor,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1142–1147 (1992).
    [Crossref]
  3. N. You and R. Minasian, “A novel high-Q optical microwave processor using hybrid delay-line filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1304–1308 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  4. E.H.W. Chan and R. A. Minasian, “High-resolution photonics-based interference suppression filter with wide passband,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 3144–3149 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  5. B. Moslehi, “Analysis of optical phase noise in fiber-optic systems employing a laser source with arbitrary coherence time,” J. Lightwave Technol. LT- 4, 1334–1351 (1986).
    [Crossref]
  6. M. Tur, B. Moslehi, and J. W. Goodman, “Theory of Laser Phase Noise in Recirculating Fiber-Optic Delay-Lines,” J. Lightwave Technol. 3, 20“31 (1985).
    [Crossref]
  7. J. Capmany, D. Pastor, and B. Ortega, “New and flexible fiber-optic delay-line filters using chirped Bragg gratings and laser arrays,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1321–1326 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  8. B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Photonic microwave filter with tuning and reconfiguration capabilities using optical switches and dispersive media,” Electron. Lett. 39, 547–549 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  9. V. Polo, B. Vidal, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N x N AWG-based delay lines,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 584–586 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  10. F. Zeng and J. Yao, “Investigation of phase-modulator-based all-optical bandpass microwave filter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 1721–1728 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  11. Tapio Saramaki, “Finite Impulse Response Filter Design,” in Handbook for digital signal processing, S.K. Mitra and J.F. Kaiser, eds. (Wiley, New York, 1993), pp. 155–189.
  12. Newport Corporation, “Programmable spectral source user manual,” http://www.newport.com.
  13. Proximion Fiber Systems, “Dispersion compensation module data sheet,” http://www.proximion.com.
  14. B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Efficient architecture for WDM photonic microwave filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 257–259 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  15. Choong K. Oh, Tae-Young Kim, and Chang-Soo Park, “All-optical transversal filter with tap doubling and negative coefficients based on polarization modulation,” Opt. Express 15, 5898–5904 (2007) http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-15-10-5898.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  17. Redfern Optical Components, “Custom made FBG data sheet,” http://www.redferncomponents.com.

2007 (1)

2006 (1)

R. A. Minasian, “Photonic signal processing of microwave signals,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 54, 832–846 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

2004 (2)

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Efficient architecture for WDM photonic microwave filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 257–259 (2004).
[Crossref]

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (3)

E.H.W. Chan and R. A. Minasian, “High-resolution photonics-based interference suppression filter with wide passband,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 3144–3149 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Photonic microwave filter with tuning and reconfiguration capabilities using optical switches and dispersive media,” Electron. Lett. 39, 547–549 (2003).
[Crossref]

V. Polo, B. Vidal, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N x N AWG-based delay lines,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 584–586 (2003).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

N. You and R. Minasian, “A novel high-Q optical microwave processor using hybrid delay-line filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1304–1308 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Capmany, D. Pastor, and B. Ortega, “New and flexible fiber-optic delay-line filters using chirped Bragg gratings and laser arrays,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1321–1326 (1999).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

B. Moslehi and J. W. Goodman, “Novel amplified fiber-optic recirculating delay line processor,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1142–1147 (1992).
[Crossref]

1986 (1)

B. Moslehi, “Analysis of optical phase noise in fiber-optic systems employing a laser source with arbitrary coherence time,” J. Lightwave Technol. LT- 4, 1334–1351 (1986).
[Crossref]

1985 (1)

M. Tur, B. Moslehi, and J. W. Goodman, “Theory of Laser Phase Noise in Recirculating Fiber-Optic Delay-Lines,” J. Lightwave Technol. 3, 20“31 (1985).
[Crossref]

Capmany, J.

J. Capmany, D. Pastor, and B. Ortega, “New and flexible fiber-optic delay-line filters using chirped Bragg gratings and laser arrays,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1321–1326 (1999).
[Crossref]

Chan, C. C.

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

Chan, E.H.W.

Corral, J. L.

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Efficient architecture for WDM photonic microwave filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 257–259 (2004).
[Crossref]

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Photonic microwave filter with tuning and reconfiguration capabilities using optical switches and dispersive media,” Electron. Lett. 39, 547–549 (2003).
[Crossref]

V. Polo, B. Vidal, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N x N AWG-based delay lines,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 584–586 (2003).
[Crossref]

Dong, X. Y.

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

Goodman, J. W.

B. Moslehi and J. W. Goodman, “Novel amplified fiber-optic recirculating delay line processor,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1142–1147 (1992).
[Crossref]

M. Tur, B. Moslehi, and J. W. Goodman, “Theory of Laser Phase Noise in Recirculating Fiber-Optic Delay-Lines,” J. Lightwave Technol. 3, 20“31 (1985).
[Crossref]

Kim, Tae-Young

Marti, J.

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Efficient architecture for WDM photonic microwave filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 257–259 (2004).
[Crossref]

V. Polo, B. Vidal, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N x N AWG-based delay lines,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 584–586 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Photonic microwave filter with tuning and reconfiguration capabilities using optical switches and dispersive media,” Electron. Lett. 39, 547–549 (2003).
[Crossref]

Minasian, R.

N. You and R. Minasian, “A novel high-Q optical microwave processor using hybrid delay-line filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1304–1308 (1999).
[Crossref]

Minasian, R. A.

R. A. Minasian, “Photonic signal processing of microwave signals,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 54, 832–846 (2006).
[Crossref]

E.H.W. Chan and R. A. Minasian, “High-resolution photonics-based interference suppression filter with wide passband,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 3144–3149 (2003).
[Crossref]

Moslehi, B.

B. Moslehi and J. W. Goodman, “Novel amplified fiber-optic recirculating delay line processor,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1142–1147 (1992).
[Crossref]

B. Moslehi, “Analysis of optical phase noise in fiber-optic systems employing a laser source with arbitrary coherence time,” J. Lightwave Technol. LT- 4, 1334–1351 (1986).
[Crossref]

M. Tur, B. Moslehi, and J. W. Goodman, “Theory of Laser Phase Noise in Recirculating Fiber-Optic Delay-Lines,” J. Lightwave Technol. 3, 20“31 (1985).
[Crossref]

Ngo, N. Q.

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

Oh, Choong K.

Ortega, B.

J. Capmany, D. Pastor, and B. Ortega, “New and flexible fiber-optic delay-line filters using chirped Bragg gratings and laser arrays,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1321–1326 (1999).
[Crossref]

Park, Chang-Soo

Pastor, D.

J. Capmany, D. Pastor, and B. Ortega, “New and flexible fiber-optic delay-line filters using chirped Bragg gratings and laser arrays,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1321–1326 (1999).
[Crossref]

Polo, V.

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Efficient architecture for WDM photonic microwave filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 257–259 (2004).
[Crossref]

V. Polo, B. Vidal, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N x N AWG-based delay lines,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 584–586 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Photonic microwave filter with tuning and reconfiguration capabilities using optical switches and dispersive media,” Electron. Lett. 39, 547–549 (2003).
[Crossref]

Saramaki, Tapio

Tapio Saramaki, “Finite Impulse Response Filter Design,” in Handbook for digital signal processing, S.K. Mitra and J.F. Kaiser, eds. (Wiley, New York, 1993), pp. 155–189.

Shum, P.

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

Tur, M.

M. Tur, B. Moslehi, and J. W. Goodman, “Theory of Laser Phase Noise in Recirculating Fiber-Optic Delay-Lines,” J. Lightwave Technol. 3, 20“31 (1985).
[Crossref]

Vidal, B.

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Efficient architecture for WDM photonic microwave filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 257–259 (2004).
[Crossref]

V. Polo, B. Vidal, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N x N AWG-based delay lines,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 584–586 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Photonic microwave filter with tuning and reconfiguration capabilities using optical switches and dispersive media,” Electron. Lett. 39, 547–549 (2003).
[Crossref]

Yang, J. L.

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

Yao, J.

You, N.

N. You and R. Minasian, “A novel high-Q optical microwave processor using hybrid delay-line filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1304–1308 (1999).
[Crossref]

Zeng, F.

Zhao, C. L.

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (1)

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Photonic microwave filter with tuning and reconfiguration capabilities using optical switches and dispersive media,” Electron. Lett. 39, 547–549 (2003).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

V. Polo, B. Vidal, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Novel tunable photonic microwave filter based on laser arrays and N x N AWG-based delay lines,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 584–586 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Vidal, V. Polo, J. L. Corral, and J. Marti, “Efficient architecture for WDM photonic microwave filters,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 257–259 (2004).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. (3)

R. A. Minasian, “Photonic signal processing of microwave signals,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 54, 832–846 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Capmany, D. Pastor, and B. Ortega, “New and flexible fiber-optic delay-line filters using chirped Bragg gratings and laser arrays,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1321–1326 (1999).
[Crossref]

N. You and R. Minasian, “A novel high-Q optical microwave processor using hybrid delay-line filters,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 1304–1308 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (5)

E.H.W. Chan and R. A. Minasian, “High-resolution photonics-based interference suppression filter with wide passband,” J. Lightwave Technol. 21, 3144–3149 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Moslehi, “Analysis of optical phase noise in fiber-optic systems employing a laser source with arbitrary coherence time,” J. Lightwave Technol. LT- 4, 1334–1351 (1986).
[Crossref]

M. Tur, B. Moslehi, and J. W. Goodman, “Theory of Laser Phase Noise in Recirculating Fiber-Optic Delay-Lines,” J. Lightwave Technol. 3, 20“31 (1985).
[Crossref]

F. Zeng and J. Yao, “Investigation of phase-modulator-based all-optical bandpass microwave filter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 23, 1721–1728 (2005).
[Crossref]

B. Moslehi and J. W. Goodman, “Novel amplified fiber-optic recirculating delay line processor,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1142–1147 (1992).
[Crossref]

Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. (1)

X. Y. Dong, P. Shum, N. Q. Ngo, C. L. Zhao, J. L. Yang, and C. C. Chan, “A bandwidth-tunable FBG filter with fixed center wavelength,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 41, 22–24 (2004).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Other (4)

Redfern Optical Components, “Custom made FBG data sheet,” http://www.redferncomponents.com.

Tapio Saramaki, “Finite Impulse Response Filter Design,” in Handbook for digital signal processing, S.K. Mitra and J.F. Kaiser, eds. (Wiley, New York, 1993), pp. 155–189.

Newport Corporation, “Programmable spectral source user manual,” http://www.newport.com.

Proximion Fiber Systems, “Dispersion compensation module data sheet,” http://www.proximion.com.

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Impulse response: (a) Type I linear-phase FIR (odd number of taps), (b) Type II linear-phase FIR (even number of taps).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Structure of new WDM wavelength reuse microwave photonic filter.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

An example of wavelength reuse scheme with even number of taps: (a) impulse response of a typical filter to be synthesised (b) wavelength mapping scheme.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Measured frequency response of the 8-tap unity weights microwave photonic filter

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Measured frequency response of the 8-tap microwave photonic filter with uniform and apodized weightings.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

Impulse response of the bipolar 11-tap microwave photonic filter.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.

Frequency response of the 11-tap bipolar microwave photonic filter.

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Equations (4)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

λ i = ± τ 2 d + λ c
2 ∣ λ 1 − λ c ∣ = ∣ λ i + λ i + 1 − 2 λ c ∣ , λ 1 = ± τ 2 d + λ c ( initial condition )
∣ λ 2 − λ c ∣ = ∣ λ i + λ i + 1 − 2 λ c ∣ , λ 2 = ± τ d + λ c and λ 1 = λ c ( initial condition )
∣ H ( f m ) ∣ = ∣ ∑ i = 1 N ± W i { exp [ − j 2 π f m T G ( λ i ) ] + exp [ − j 2 π f m T′ G ( λ i ) ] } ∣

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