Abstract

The process of third-harmonic generation during the filamentation of intense IR femtosecond laser pulses in air is investigated experimentally. It is shown that the introduction of a thin plasma string created by another femtosecond pulse, perpendicularly to the filament’s path, dramatically reshapes the third-harmonic beam into a Bessel-like far-field distribution, while at the same time significantly enhances, up to 250 times, its conversion efficiency.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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  1. A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, “Femtosecond filamentation in transparent media,” Phys. Rep. 441, 47–189 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  2. S. Backus, J. Peatross, Z. Zeek, A. Rundquist, G. Taft, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, “16-fs, 1-μJ ultraviolet pulses generated by third-harmonic conversion in air,” Opt. Lett. 21, 665–667 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  4. J. Peatross, S. Backus, J. Zhou, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, “Spectral-spatial measurements of fundamental and third-harmonic light of intense 25-fs laser pulses focused in a gas cell,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 186–192 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  5. M. L. Naudeau, R. J. Law, T. S. Luk, T. R. Nelson, S. M. Cameron, and J. V. Rudd, “Observation of nonlinear optical phenomena in air and fused silica using a 100 GW, 1.54 μm source,” Opt. Express 14, 6194–6200 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  8. F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  9. H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  10. C. W. Siders, N. C. Turner, M. C. Downer, A. Babine, A. Stepanov, and A. M. Sergeev, “Blue-shifted third-harmonic generation and correlated self-guiding during ultrafast barrier suppression ionization of subatmospheric density noble gases,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 330–335 (1996).
    [Crossref]
  11. H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  12. N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  13. G. Marcus, A. Zigler, and Z. Henis, “Third-harmonic generation at atmospheric pressure in methane by use of intense femtosecond pulses in the tight-focusing limit,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 792–800 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  14. G. Mao, Y. Wu, and K. D. Singer, “Third harmonic generation in self-focused filaments in liquids,” Opt. Express 15, 4857–4862 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, A. Becker, and J. V. Moloney, “Simulation of third-harmonic and supercontinuum generation for femtosecond pulses in air,” Appl. Phys. B 85, 531–538 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  16. M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, and J. V. Moloney, “Supercontinuum and third-harmonic generation accompanying optical filamentation as first-order scattering processes,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2816–2818 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  18. S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Time-evolution of the plasma channel at the trail of a self-guided IR femtosecond laser pulse in air,” Opt. Commun. 181, 123–127 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  19. S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  20. D. G. Papazoglou and S. Tzortzakis, “In-line holographic microscopy for the characterization of ultrafast laser induced perturbations in transparent media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 041120 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  21. A. B. Fedotov, S. M. Gladkov, N. I. Koroteev, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Highly efficient frequency tripling of laser radiation in a low-temperature laser-produced gaseous plasma,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 363–366 (1991).
    [Crossref]
  22. T. Y. F. Tsang, “Optical third-harmonic generation at interfaces,” Phys. Rev. A 52, 4116–4125 (1995).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. D. Stoker, M. F. Becker, and J. W. Keto, “Optical third-harmonic generation using ultrashort pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 71, 061802(R) (2005).
    [Crossref]

2008 (2)

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. G. Papazoglou and S. Tzortzakis, “In-line holographic microscopy for the characterization of ultrafast laser induced perturbations in transparent media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 041120 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (4)

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, “Femtosecond filamentation in transparent media,” Phys. Rep. 441, 47–189 (2007).
[Crossref]

G. Mao, Y. Wu, and K. D. Singer, “Third harmonic generation in self-focused filaments in liquids,” Opt. Express 15, 4857–4862 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, and J. V. Moloney, “Supercontinuum and third-harmonic generation accompanying optical filamentation as first-order scattering processes,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2816–2818 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (2)

M. L. Naudeau, R. J. Law, T. S. Luk, T. R. Nelson, S. M. Cameron, and J. V. Rudd, “Observation of nonlinear optical phenomena in air and fused silica using a 100 GW, 1.54 μm source,” Opt. Express 14, 6194–6200 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, A. Becker, and J. V. Moloney, “Simulation of third-harmonic and supercontinuum generation for femtosecond pulses in air,” Appl. Phys. B 85, 531–538 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (3)

D. Stoker, M. F. Becker, and J. W. Keto, “Optical third-harmonic generation using ultrashort pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 71, 061802(R) (2005).
[Crossref]

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
[Crossref]

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (2)

S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Time-evolution of the plasma channel at the trail of a self-guided IR femtosecond laser pulse in air,” Opt. Commun. 181, 123–127 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

G. Marcus, A. Zigler, and Z. Henis, “Third-harmonic generation at atmospheric pressure in methane by use of intense femtosecond pulses in the tight-focusing limit,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 792–800 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (2)

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

J. Peatross, S. Backus, J. Zhou, M. M. Murnane, and H. C. Kapteyn, “Spectral-spatial measurements of fundamental and third-harmonic light of intense 25-fs laser pulses focused in a gas cell,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 186–192 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (2)

1995 (1)

T. Y. F. Tsang, “Optical third-harmonic generation at interfaces,” Phys. Rev. A 52, 4116–4125 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1991 (1)

Agostini, P.

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

Aközbek, N.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
[Crossref]

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

André, Y.-B.

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

Babine, A.

Backus, S.

Becker, A.

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, A. Becker, and J. V. Moloney, “Simulation of third-harmonic and supercontinuum generation for femtosecond pulses in air,” Appl. Phys. B 85, 531–538 (2006).
[Crossref]

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Becker, M. F.

D. Stoker, M. F. Becker, and J. W. Keto, “Optical third-harmonic generation using ultrashort pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 71, 061802(R) (2005).
[Crossref]

Bowden, C. M.

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Breger, P.

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

Cameron, S. M.

Cheng, Y.

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chin, S. L.

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
[Crossref]

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chiron, A.

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

Couairon, A.

A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, “Femtosecond filamentation in transparent media,” Phys. Rep. 441, 47–189 (2007).
[Crossref]

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

Downer, M. C.

Fedotov, A. B.

A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. B. Fedotov, S. M. Gladkov, N. I. Koroteev, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Highly efficient frequency tripling of laser radiation in a low-temperature laser-produced gaseous plasma,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 363–366 (1991).
[Crossref]

Filion, J.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

Franco, M.

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Time-evolution of the plasma channel at the trail of a self-guided IR femtosecond laser pulse in air,” Opt. Commun. 181, 123–127 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

Franco, M. A.

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

Fu, Y.

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

Gladkov, S. M.

Gravel, J.-F.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
[Crossref]

Henis, Z.

Iwasaki, A.

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kapteyn, H. C.

Keto, J. W.

D. Stoker, M. F. Becker, and J. W. Keto, “Optical third-harmonic generation using ultrashort pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 71, 061802(R) (2005).
[Crossref]

Kolesik, M.

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, and J. V. Moloney, “Supercontinuum and third-harmonic generation accompanying optical filamentation as first-order scattering processes,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2816–2818 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, A. Becker, and J. V. Moloney, “Simulation of third-harmonic and supercontinuum generation for femtosecond pulses in air,” Appl. Phys. B 85, 531–538 (2006).
[Crossref]

Koroteev, N. I.

A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. B. Fedotov, S. M. Gladkov, N. I. Koroteev, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Highly efficient frequency tripling of laser radiation in a low-temperature laser-produced gaseous plasma,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 363–366 (1991).
[Crossref]

Kortsalioudakis, N.

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

Lamouroux, B.

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

Lange, H. R.

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

Law, R. J.

Liu, W.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
[Crossref]

Loy, M. M. T.

A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
[Crossref]

Luk, T. S.

Mao, G.

Marcus, G.

Moloney, J. V.

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, and J. V. Moloney, “Supercontinuum and third-harmonic generation accompanying optical filamentation as first-order scattering processes,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2816–2818 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, A. Becker, and J. V. Moloney, “Simulation of third-harmonic and supercontinuum generation for femtosecond pulses in air,” Appl. Phys. B 85, 531–538 (2006).
[Crossref]

Moustaizis, S. D.

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

Murnane, M. M.

Mysyrowicz, A.

A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, “Femtosecond filamentation in transparent media,” Phys. Rep. 441, 47–189 (2007).
[Crossref]

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Time-evolution of the plasma channel at the trail of a self-guided IR femtosecond laser pulse in air,” Opt. Commun. 181, 123–127 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

Naudeau, M. L.

Nelson, T. R.

Papadogiannis, N. A.

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

Papazoglou, D. G.

D. G. Papazoglou and S. Tzortzakis, “In-line holographic microscopy for the characterization of ultrafast laser induced perturbations in transparent media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 041120 (2008).
[Crossref]

Peatross, J.

Prade, B.

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Time-evolution of the plasma channel at the trail of a self-guided IR femtosecond laser pulse in air,” Opt. Commun. 181, 123–127 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

Prade, B. S.

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

Ripoche, J.-F.

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

Rudd, J. V.

Rundquist, A.

Scalora, M.

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sergeev, A. M.

Siders, C. W.

Singer, K. D.

Stepanov, A.

Stoker, D.

D. Stoker, M. F. Becker, and J. W. Keto, “Optical third-harmonic generation using ultrashort pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 71, 061802(R) (2005).
[Crossref]

Taft, G.

Tatarakis, M.

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

Théberge, F.

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
[Crossref]

Tsang, T. Y. F.

T. Y. F. Tsang, “Optical third-harmonic generation at interfaces,” Phys. Rev. A 52, 4116–4125 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Turner, N. C.

Tzortzakis, S.

D. G. Papazoglou and S. Tzortzakis, “In-line holographic microscopy for the characterization of ultrafast laser induced perturbations in transparent media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 041120 (2008).
[Crossref]

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Time-evolution of the plasma channel at the trail of a self-guided IR femtosecond laser pulse in air,” Opt. Commun. 181, 123–127 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Lamouroux, A. Chiron, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, and S. D. Moustaizis, “Nonlinear propagation of subpicosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in air,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1270–1272 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

Vakakis, N.

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

Wright, E. M.

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, and J. V. Moloney, “Supercontinuum and third-harmonic generation accompanying optical filamentation as first-order scattering processes,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2816–2818 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, A. Becker, and J. V. Moloney, “Simulation of third-harmonic and supercontinuum generation for femtosecond pulses in air,” Appl. Phys. B 85, 531–538 (2006).
[Crossref]

Wu, Y.

Xiao, X.

A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
[Crossref]

Xiong, H.

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

Xu, H.

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

Xu, Z.

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zeek, Z.

Zheltikov, A. M.

A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. B. Fedotov, S. M. Gladkov, N. I. Koroteev, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Highly efficient frequency tripling of laser radiation in a low-temperature laser-produced gaseous plasma,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8, 363–366 (1991).
[Crossref]

Zhou, J.

Zigler, A.

Appl. Phys. B (2)

N. Kortsalioudakis, M. Tatarakis, N. Vakakis, S. D. Moustaizis, M. Franco, B. Prade, A. Mysyrowicz, N. A. Papadogiannis, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis, “Enhanced harmonic conversion efficiency in the self-guided propagation of femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulses in argon,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 211–214 (2005).
[Crossref]

M. Kolesik, E. M. Wright, A. Becker, and J. V. Moloney, “Simulation of third-harmonic and supercontinuum generation for femtosecond pulses in air,” Appl. Phys. B 85, 531–538 (2006).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

D. G. Papazoglou and S. Tzortzakis, “In-line holographic microscopy for the characterization of ultrafast laser induced perturbations in transparent media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 041120 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (4)

Opt. Commun. (4)

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J.-F. Gravel, and S. L. Chin, “Third-harmonic beam profile generated in atmospheric air using femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Commun. 245, 399–405 (2005).
[Crossref]

F. Théberge, N. Aközbek, W. Liu, J. Filion, and S. L. Chin, “Conical emission and induced frequency shift of third-harmonic generation during ultrashort laser filamentation in air,” Opt. Commun. 276, 298–304 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. Tzortzakis, B. Prade, M. Franco, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Time-evolution of the plasma channel at the trail of a self-guided IR femtosecond laser pulse in air,” Opt. Commun. 181, 123–127 (2000).
[Crossref]

A. B. Fedotov, N. I. Koroteev, M. M. T. Loy, X. Xiao, and A. M. Zheltikov, “Saturation of third-harmonic generation in a plasma of self-induced optical breakdown due to the self-action of 80-fs light pulses,” Opt. Commun. 133, 587–595 (1997).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Lett. (3)

Phys. Rep. (1)

A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, “Femtosecond filamentation in transparent media,” Phys. Rep. 441, 47–189 (2007).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. A (3)

H. Xiong, H. Xu, Y. Fu, Y. Cheng, Z. Xu, and S. L. Chin, “Spectral evolution of angularly resolved third-order harmonic generation by infrared femtosecond laser-pulse filamentation in air,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043802 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Y. F. Tsang, “Optical third-harmonic generation at interfaces,” Phys. Rev. A 52, 4116–4125 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Stoker, M. F. Becker, and J. W. Keto, “Optical third-harmonic generation using ultrashort pulses,” Phys. Rev. A 71, 061802(R) (2005).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. E (1)

S. Tzortzakis, M. A. Franco, Y.-B. André, A. Chiron, B. Lamouroux, B. S. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, “Formation of a conducting channel in air by self-guided femtosecond laser pulses,” Phys. Rev. E 60, R3505-07 (1999).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

H. R. Lange, A. Chiron, J.-F. Ripoche, A. Mysyrowicz, P. Breger, and P. Agostini, “High-Order Harmonic Generation and Quasiphase Matching in Xenon Using Self-Guided Femtosecond Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1611–1613 (1998).
[Crossref]

N. Aközbek, A. Iwasaki, A. Becker, M. Scalora, S. L. Chin, and C. M. Bowden, “Third-Harmonic Generation and Self-Channeling in Air Using High-Power Femtosecond Laser Pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 143901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Schematic of the experimental setup. Here: BS, beamsplitter; L1, L2, lenses; P, prism; D, photodetector.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Far-field images of the TH (blue ring) and of the fundamental (red central spot) beams taken with a digital camera on a paper screen placed at 1.4 m from the filament for (a) negative τ; (b) τ =200 fs. In (a), the fundamental beam spot is partially shadowed by the TH ring. (c) Azimuthally averaged TH intensity profiles, versus divergence angle, measured with a linear CCD, dashed and solid curves for (a) and (b), respectively.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

TH energy as a function of the delay between the Pump and the Signal pulses. Two lower curves: Pump energy 0.5 mJ, open and solid triangles for co-polarized and cross-polarized beams, respectively. Two upper curves: Pump energy 2 mJ, open and solid circles for co-polarized and cross-polarized beams, respectively. Inset: the same plot with the delay scale extended to 40 ps.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

(a) Measured dependence of TH signal on Pump energy for Signal pulse energy 0.15 mJ (squares), 0.7 mJ (circles), and 1.5 mJ (triangles). (b) TH energy versus Signal pulse energy in the absence of Pump (triangles) and at Pump energy 2 mJ/pulse (circles). The ratio of these two curves represents the TH enhancement factor shown with open circles in (b).

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