Abstract

A high power and efficient 588 nm yellow light is demonstrated through intracavity frequency doubling of an acousto-optic Q-switched self-frequency Raman laser. A 30-mm-length double-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystal was utilized for efficient self-Raman laser operation by reducing the thermal effects and increasing the interaction length for the stimulated Raman scattering. A 15-mm-length LBO with non-critical phase matching (θ = 90°, ϕ = 0°) cut was adopted for efficient second-harmonic generation. The focus position of incident pump light and both the repetition rate and the duty cycle of the Q-switch have been optimized. At a repetition rate of 110 kHz and a duty cycle of 5%, the average power of 588 nm light is up to 7.93 W while the incident pump power is 26.5 W, corresponding to an overall diode-yellow conversion efficiency of 30% and a slope efficiency of 43%.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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  1. H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, R. P. Mildren, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Wavelength-versatile visible and UV sources based on crystalline Raman lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 32(3-4), 121–158 ( 2008).
    [Crossref]
  2. E. Mimoun, L. De Sarlo, J. J. Zondy, J. Dalibard, and F. Gerbier, “Sum-frequency generation of 589 nm light with near-unit efficiency,” Opt. Express 16(23), 18684–18691 ( 2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).
  4. E. Raikkonen, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, and S. C. Buchter, “Passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/KTA laser at 561 nm,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4088–4091 ( 2008).
    [Crossref]
  5. F. Q. Jia, Q. Zheng, Q. H. Xue, and Y. Bu, “LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556nm yellow laser,” Opt. Laser Technol. 38(8), 569–572 ( 2006).
    [Crossref]
  6. J. A. Piper and H. M. Pask, “Crystalline Raman Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 692–704 ( 2007).
    [Crossref]
  7. S. T. Li, X. Y. Zhang, Q. P. Wang, X. L. Zhang, Z. H. Cong, H. J. Zhang, and J. Y. Wang, “Diode-side-pumped intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG/BaWO4 Raman laser generating average output power of 3.14 W at 590 nm,” Opt. Lett. 32(20), 2951–2953 ( 2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. A. J. Lee, H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, and J. A. Piper, “High efficiency, multi-Watt CW yellow emission from an intracavity-doubled self-Raman laser using Nd:GdVO4.,” Opt. Express 16(26), 21958–21963 ( 2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. Y. T. Chang, H. L. Chang, K. W. Su, and Y. F. Chen, “High-efficiency Q-switched dual-wavelength emission at 1176 and 559 nm with intracavity Raman and sum-frequency generation,” Opt. Express 17(14), 11892–11897 ( 2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. Z. H. Cong, X. Y. Zhang, Q. P. Wang, Z. J. Liu, S. T. Li, X. H. Chen, X. L. Zhang, S. Z. Fan, H. J. Zhang, and X. T. Tao, “Efficient diode-end-pumped actively Q-switched Nd:YAG/SrWO(4)/KTP yellow laser,” Opt. Lett. 34(17), 2610–2612 ( 2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. H. Y. Zhu, Y. M. Duan, G. Zhang, C. H. Huang, Y. Wei, W. D. Chen, Y. D. Huang, and N. Ye, “Yellow-light generation of 5.7 W by intracavity doubling self-Raman laser of YVO(4)/Nd:YVO(4) composite,” Opt. Lett. 34(18), 2763–2765 ( 2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. Y. T. Chang, Y. P. Huang, K. W. Su, and Y. F. Chen, “Comparison of thermal lensing effects between single-end and double-end diffusion-bonded Nd:YVO4 crystals for 4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4I13/2 transitions,” Opt. Express 16(25), 21155–21160 ( 2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
    [Crossref]
  14. Y. P. Lan, Y. F. Chen, and S. C. Wang, “Repetition-rate dependence of thermal loading in diode-end-pumped Qswitched lasers: influence of energy-transfer upconversion,” Appl. Phys. B 71, 27–31 ( 2000).
  15. Y. F. Chen, “High-power diode-pumped actively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 self-Raman laser: influence of dopant concentration,” Opt. Lett. 29(16), 1915–1917 ( 2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (4)

2008 (5)

2007 (2)

2006 (1)

F. Q. Jia, Q. Zheng, Q. H. Xue, and Y. Bu, “LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556nm yellow laser,” Opt. Laser Technol. 38(8), 569–572 ( 2006).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

2001 (1)

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

Y. P. Lan, Y. F. Chen, and S. C. Wang, “Repetition-rate dependence of thermal loading in diode-end-pumped Qswitched lasers: influence of energy-transfer upconversion,” Appl. Phys. B 71, 27–31 ( 2000).

Bagaev, S. N.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Barnes, J. C.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Bo, Y.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Bu, Y.

F. Q. Jia, Q. Zheng, Q. H. Xue, and Y. Bu, “LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556nm yellow laser,” Opt. Laser Technol. 38(8), 569–572 ( 2006).
[Crossref]

Buchter, S. C.

E. Raikkonen, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, and S. C. Buchter, “Passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/KTA laser at 561 nm,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4088–4091 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Chang, H. L.

Chang, Y. T.

Chen, W. D.

Chen, X. H.

Chen, Y. F.

Chyba, T. H.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Cong, Z. H.

Cui, D. F.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Cui, Q. J.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Dalibard, J.

De Sarlo, L.

Dekker, P.

H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, R. P. Mildren, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Wavelength-versatile visible and UV sources based on crystalline Raman lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 32(3-4), 121–158 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

A. J. Lee, H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, and J. A. Piper, “High efficiency, multi-Watt CW yellow emission from an intracavity-doubled self-Raman laser using Nd:GdVO4.,” Opt. Express 16(26), 21958–21963 ( 2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Duan, Y. M.

Eichler, H. J.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Fan, S. Z.

Gad, G. M. A.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Gao, H. W.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Gerbier, F.

Huang, C. H.

Huang, Y. D.

Huang, Y. P.

Jia, F. Q.

F. Q. Jia, Q. Zheng, Q. H. Xue, and Y. Bu, “LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556nm yellow laser,” Opt. Laser Technol. 38(8), 569–572 ( 2006).
[Crossref]

Kaivola, M.

E. Raikkonen, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, and S. C. Buchter, “Passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/KTA laser at 561 nm,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4088–4091 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Kaminskii, A. A.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Kimmelma, O.

E. Raikkonen, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, and S. C. Buchter, “Passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/KTA laser at 561 nm,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4088–4091 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Kouta, H.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Kuwano, Y.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Lan, Y. P.

Y. P. Lan, Y. F. Chen, and S. C. Wang, “Repetition-rate dependence of thermal loading in diode-end-pumped Qswitched lasers: influence of energy-transfer upconversion,” Appl. Phys. B 71, 27–31 ( 2000).

Lee, A. J.

Li, S. T.

Liu, Z. J.

Lu, J.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Lu, Y. F.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Mildren, R. P.

H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, R. P. Mildren, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Wavelength-versatile visible and UV sources based on crystalline Raman lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 32(3-4), 121–158 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Mimoun, E.

Murai, T.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Pask, H. M.

H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, R. P. Mildren, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Wavelength-versatile visible and UV sources based on crystalline Raman lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 32(3-4), 121–158 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

A. J. Lee, H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, and J. A. Piper, “High efficiency, multi-Watt CW yellow emission from an intracavity-doubled self-Raman laser using Nd:GdVO4.,” Opt. Express 16(26), 21958–21963 ( 2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. A. Piper and H. M. Pask, “Crystalline Raman Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 692–704 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

Peng, Q. J.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Piper, J. A.

A. J. Lee, H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, and J. A. Piper, “High efficiency, multi-Watt CW yellow emission from an intracavity-doubled self-Raman laser using Nd:GdVO4.,” Opt. Express 16(26), 21958–21963 ( 2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, R. P. Mildren, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Wavelength-versatile visible and UV sources based on crystalline Raman lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 32(3-4), 121–158 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

J. A. Piper and H. M. Pask, “Crystalline Raman Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 692–704 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

Raikkonen, E.

E. Raikkonen, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, and S. C. Buchter, “Passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/KTA laser at 561 nm,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4088–4091 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Spence, D. J.

H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, R. P. Mildren, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Wavelength-versatile visible and UV sources based on crystalline Raman lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 32(3-4), 121–158 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

Su, K. W.

Tao, X. T.

Ueda, K.

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Wang, J. Y.

Wang, Q. P.

Wang, S. C.

Y. P. Lan, Y. F. Chen, and S. C. Wang, “Repetition-rate dependence of thermal loading in diode-end-pumped Qswitched lasers: influence of energy-transfer upconversion,” Appl. Phys. B 71, 27–31 ( 2000).

Wei, Y.

Xie, S. Y.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Xu, Z. Y.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Xue, Q. H.

F. Q. Jia, Q. Zheng, Q. H. Xue, and Y. Bu, “LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556nm yellow laser,” Opt. Laser Technol. 38(8), 569–572 ( 2006).
[Crossref]

Ye, N.

Zhang, G.

Zhang, H. J.

Zhang, X. L.

Zhang, X. Y.

Zheng, Q.

F. Q. Jia, Q. Zheng, Q. H. Xue, and Y. Bu, “LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556nm yellow laser,” Opt. Laser Technol. 38(8), 569–572 ( 2006).
[Crossref]

Zhu, H. Y.

Zondy, J. J.

Zong, N.

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Acta Phys. Sin. (1)

Y. F. Lu, S. Y. Xie, Y. Bo, Q. J. Cui, N. Zong, H. W. Gao, Q. J. Peng, D. F. Cui, and Z. Y. Xu, “A high power quasi-continuous-wave yellow laser based on intracavity sum-frequency generation,” Acta Phys. Sin. 58, 970–974 ( 2009).

Appl. Phys. B (1)

Y. P. Lan, Y. F. Chen, and S. C. Wang, “Repetition-rate dependence of thermal loading in diode-end-pumped Qswitched lasers: influence of energy-transfer upconversion,” Appl. Phys. B 71, 27–31 ( 2000).

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

J. A. Piper and H. M. Pask, “Crystalline Raman Lasers,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 13(3), 692–704 ( 2007).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (2)

E. Raikkonen, O. Kimmelma, M. Kaivola, and S. C. Buchter, “Passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/KTA laser at 561 nm,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4088–4091 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

A. A. Kaminskii, K. Ueda, H. J. Eichler, Y. Kuwano, H. Kouta, S. N. Bagaev, T. H. Chyba, J. C. Barnes, G. M. A. Gad, T. Murai, and J. Lu, “Tetragonal vanadates YVO4 and GdVO4 – new efficient χ(3)-materials for Raman lasers,” Opt. Commun. 194(1-3), 201–206 ( 2001).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (4)

Opt. Laser Technol. (1)

F. Q. Jia, Q. Zheng, Q. H. Xue, and Y. Bu, “LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556nm yellow laser,” Opt. Laser Technol. 38(8), 569–572 ( 2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (4)

Prog. Quantum Electron. (1)

H. M. Pask, P. Dekker, R. P. Mildren, D. J. Spence, and J. A. Piper, “Wavelength-versatile visible and UV sources based on crystalline Raman lasers,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 32(3-4), 121–158 ( 2008).
[Crossref]

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic of the diode-end-pumped intracavity frequency-doubling of acousto-optic Q-switched composite Nd:YVO4 crystal self- Raman laser

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Average output power at 588 nm versus incident pump power at repetition rates (f) of 30, 60 and 90 kHz and duty cycle (δ) of 5% and 10%.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 The temporal pulse profile of yellow light at the output power of 7.9 W

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 The yellow light spot

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Average output power at 588 nm versus incident pump power with the total length of resonator shortened to 108 mm

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 The measured spectrum of yellow light

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