Abstract

We report what we believe to be the first Tilted short-period Fiber Bragg Grating photowritten in a microstructured optical fiber for refractive index measurement. We investigate the spectral sensitivity of Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating to refractive index liquid inserted into the holes of a multimode microstructured fiber. We measure the wavelength shift of the first four modes experimentally observed when calibrated oils are inserted into the fiber holes, and thus we determine the refractive index resolution for each of these modes. Moreover, a cross comparison between experimental and simulation results of a modal analysis is performed. Two simulation tools are used, respectively based on the localized functions method and on a finite element method. All results are in very good agreement.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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  1. N. G. R. Broderick, T. M. Monro, P. J. Bennet, and D. J. Richardson, “Non linearity in holey optical fibers: measurement and future opportunities,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1395–1397 (1999)
    [Crossref]
  2. J. H. Lee, W. Belardi, T. M. Monro, and D. J. Richardson, “Holey fiber based nonlinear optical devices for telecommunications,” Proc. 29th CLEO/QELS (Baltimore, June 2003)
  3. P. Andrés, A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, and M. V. Andrés, “Dispersion and polarization properties in photonic crystal fibers,” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON (2002)
    [PubMed]
  4. A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, S. Barkou, and K. Dridi, “Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber,” 24th ECOC Conf. (Madrid, Sept. 1998)
  5. W.J. Wadsworth, R. M. Percival, G. Bouwmans, J. C. Knight, and P. S. J. Russell, “High power air-clad photonic crystal fiber laser,” Opt. Express 11, 48–53 (2003)
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  7. N. Groothoff, J. Canning, E. Buckley, K. Lyttikainen, and J. Zagari, “Bragg gratings in air-silica structured fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 233–235 (2003)
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. G. Kakarantzas, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Structural long period gratings in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1013–1015 (2002)
    [Crossref]
  9. G. Humbert, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Electric arc-induced long-period gratings in Ge-free air-silica microstructured fibres,” Electron. Lett. 39, 349–350 (2003)
    [Crossref]
  10. J. Canning, N. Groothoff, E. Buckley, T. Ryan, K. Lyttikainen, and J. Digweed, “All-fibre photonic crystal distributed Bragg reflector fibre laser,” Opt. Express 11, 1995–2000 (2003)
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. B.J. Eggleton, P. S. Westbrook, R. S. Windeler, S. Spalter, and T. A. Strasser, “Grating resonances in air-silica microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1460–1462 (1999)
    [Crossref]
  12. G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Tilted short-period fiber-Bragg-grating-induced coupling to cladding modes for accurate refractometry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 765–770 (July 2001)
    [Crossref]
  13. G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Mesure de la salinité et suivi de polymérisation d’une résine à l’aide d’un réfrac-tomètre à réseau de Bragg à traits inclinés,” Optix2001, Marseille 26–28 Novembre
  14. M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)
  15. M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
    [Crossref]
  16. P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
    [Crossref]
  17. C. Kerbage, B. Eggleton, P. Westbrook, and R. Windeler, “Experimental and scalar beam propagation analysis of an air-silica microstructure fiber,” Opt. Express 7, pp. 113–122 (2000)
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004
  19. D. Mogilevtsev, T. A. Birks, and P. S. J. Russel, “Group-velocity dispersion in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 23, 1662–1664 (1998)
    [Crossref]
  20. T.M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, “Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093–1101 (1999)
    [Crossref]
  21. http://www.comsol.com/
  22. L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
    [Crossref]
  23. G. Laffont, “Etude et développement de transducteurs et systèmes de mesure à réseaux de Bragg à traits incli-nés photoinscrits dans des fibres optiques monomodes,” Ph. D Thesis, Lille University (2001, n°2983).
  24. G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)
  25. S. D. Dyer, P. A. Williams, R. J. Espejo, J. D. Kofler, and S. M. Etzel, “Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005).

2006 (1)

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

2003 (4)

2002 (1)

2001 (2)

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Tilted short-period fiber-Bragg-grating-induced coupling to cladding modes for accurate refractometry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 765–770 (July 2001)
[Crossref]

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Mesure de la salinité et suivi de polymérisation d’une résine à l’aide d’un réfrac-tomètre à réseau de Bragg à traits inclinés,” Optix2001, Marseille 26–28 Novembre

2000 (3)

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

C. Kerbage, B. Eggleton, P. Westbrook, and R. Windeler, “Experimental and scalar beam propagation analysis of an air-silica microstructure fiber,” Opt. Express 7, pp. 113–122 (2000)
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1999 (3)

1998 (1)

Andrés, M. V.

P. Andrés, A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, and M. V. Andrés, “Dispersion and polarization properties in photonic crystal fibers,” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON (2002)
[PubMed]

Andrés, P.

P. Andrés, A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, and M. V. Andrés, “Dispersion and polarization properties in photonic crystal fibers,” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON (2002)
[PubMed]

Auger, L.

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Barkou, S.

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, S. Barkou, and K. Dridi, “Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber,” 24th ECOC Conf. (Madrid, Sept. 1998)

Belardi, W.

J. H. Lee, W. Belardi, T. M. Monro, and D. J. Richardson, “Holey fiber based nonlinear optical devices for telecommunications,” Proc. 29th CLEO/QELS (Baltimore, June 2003)

Bennet, P. J.

Bennett, P. J.

T.M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, “Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093–1101 (1999)
[Crossref]

Bhatia, V.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Birks, T. A.

Bjarklev, A.

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, S. Barkou, and K. Dridi, “Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber,” 24th ECOC Conf. (Madrid, Sept. 1998)

Blanc, W.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Blondy, J-M.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

Boussoir, J.

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Bouwmans, G.

Broderick, N. G. R.

N. G. R. Broderick, T. M. Monro, P. J. Bennet, and D. J. Richardson, “Non linearity in holey optical fibers: measurement and future opportunities,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1395–1397 (1999)
[Crossref]

T.M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, “Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093–1101 (1999)
[Crossref]

Broeng, J.

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, S. Barkou, and K. Dridi, “Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber,” 24th ECOC Conf. (Madrid, Sept. 1998)

Buckley, E.

Burdge, G. L.

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

Canning, J.

Clogenson, B.

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Collier, A.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Dewynter-Marty, V.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

Digweed, J.

Dong, L.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Dridi, K.

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, S. Barkou, and K. Dridi, “Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber,” 24th ECOC Conf. (Madrid, Sept. 1998)

Dussardier, B.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Dyer, S. D.

S. D. Dyer, P. A. Williams, R. J. Espejo, J. D. Kofler, and S. M. Etzel, “Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005).

Eggleton, B.

Eggleton, B. J.

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

Eggleton, B.J.

Espejo, R. J.

S. D. Dyer, P. A. Williams, R. J. Espejo, J. D. Kofler, and S. M. Etzel, “Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005).

Etzel, S. M.

S. D. Dyer, P. A. Williams, R. J. Espejo, J. D. Kofler, and S. M. Etzel, “Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005).

Ferdinand, P.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Tilted short-period fiber-Bragg-grating-induced coupling to cladding modes for accurate refractometry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 765–770 (July 2001)
[Crossref]

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Mesure de la salinité et suivi de polymérisation d’une résine à l’aide d’un réfrac-tomètre à réseau de Bragg à traits inclinés,” Optix2001, Marseille 26–28 Novembre

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Ferrando, A.

P. Andrés, A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, and M. V. Andrés, “Dispersion and polarization properties in photonic crystal fibers,” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON (2002)
[PubMed]

Février, S.

G. Humbert, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Electric arc-induced long-period gratings in Ge-free air-silica microstructured fibres,” Electron. Lett. 39, 349–350 (2003)
[Crossref]

G. Kakarantzas, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Structural long period gratings in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1013–1015 (2002)
[Crossref]

Frignac, Y.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

Groothoff, N.

Hale, A.

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

Hepburn, L. L.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Humbert, G.

G. Humbert, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Electric arc-induced long-period gratings in Ge-free air-silica microstructured fibres,” Electron. Lett. 39, 349–350 (2003)
[Crossref]

Kakarantzas, G.

Kerbage, C.

Knight, J. C.

Kofler, J. D.

S. D. Dyer, P. A. Williams, R. J. Espejo, J. D. Kofler, and S. M. Etzel, “Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005).

Laffont, G.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Mesure de la salinité et suivi de polymérisation d’une résine à l’aide d’un réfrac-tomètre à réseau de Bragg à traits inclinés,” Optix2001, Marseille 26–28 Novembre

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Tilted short-period fiber-Bragg-grating-induced coupling to cladding modes for accurate refractometry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 765–770 (July 2001)
[Crossref]

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

G. Laffont, “Etude et développement de transducteurs et systèmes de mesure à réseaux de Bragg à traits incli-nés photoinscrits dans des fibres optiques monomodes,” Ph. D Thesis, Lille University (2001, n°2983).

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

Lee, J. H.

J. H. Lee, W. Belardi, T. M. Monro, and D. J. Richardson, “Holey fiber based nonlinear optical devices for telecommunications,” Proc. 29th CLEO/QELS (Baltimore, June 2003)

Lyttikainen, K.

Magne, S.

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Malki, A.

G. Humbert, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Electric arc-induced long-period gratings in Ge-free air-silica microstructured fibres,” Electron. Lett. 39, 349–350 (2003)
[Crossref]

G. Kakarantzas, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Structural long period gratings in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1013–1015 (2002)
[Crossref]

Marro, M.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Maurin, L.

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Miret, J. J.

P. Andrés, A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, and M. V. Andrés, “Dispersion and polarization properties in photonic crystal fibers,” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON (2002)
[PubMed]

Mogilevtsev, D.

Monro, T. M.

N. G. R. Broderick, T. M. Monro, P. J. Bennet, and D. J. Richardson, “Non linearity in holey optical fibers: measurement and future opportunities,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1395–1397 (1999)
[Crossref]

J. H. Lee, W. Belardi, T. M. Monro, and D. J. Richardson, “Holey fiber based nonlinear optical devices for telecommunications,” Proc. 29th CLEO/QELS (Baltimore, June 2003)

Monro, T.M.

T.M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, “Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093–1101 (1999)
[Crossref]

Pagnoux, D.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

G. Humbert, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Electric arc-induced long-period gratings in Ge-free air-silica microstructured fibres,” Electron. Lett. 39, 349–350 (2003)
[Crossref]

G. Kakarantzas, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Structural long period gratings in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1013–1015 (2002)
[Crossref]

D. Pagnouxet al., “Microstructured fibers for sensing applications,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Pag-noux, D.

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

Parmentier, R.

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

Percival, R. M.

Phan Huy, M. C.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

Qi, G.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Richardson, D. J.

T.M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, “Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093–1101 (1999)
[Crossref]

N. G. R. Broderick, T. M. Monro, P. J. Bennet, and D. J. Richardson, “Non linearity in holey optical fibers: measurement and future opportunities,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1395–1397 (1999)
[Crossref]

J. H. Lee, W. Belardi, T. M. Monro, and D. J. Richardson, “Holey fiber based nonlinear optical devices for telecommunications,” Proc. 29th CLEO/QELS (Baltimore, June 2003)

Roussel, N.

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

Roy, P.

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

G. Humbert, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Electric arc-induced long-period gratings in Ge-free air-silica microstructured fibres,” Electron. Lett. 39, 349–350 (2003)
[Crossref]

G. Kakarantzas, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Structural long period gratings in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 27, 1013–1015 (2002)
[Crossref]

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

Russel, P. S. J.

Russell, P. S. J.

Ryan, T.

Silvestre, E.

P. Andrés, A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, and M. V. Andrés, “Dispersion and polarization properties in photonic crystal fibers,” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON (2002)
[PubMed]

Spalter, S.

Strasser, T. A.

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

B.J. Eggleton, P. S. Westbrook, R. S. Windeler, S. Spalter, and T. A. Strasser, “Grating resonances in air-silica microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1460–1462 (1999)
[Crossref]

Swan, M.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Wadsworth, W.J.

Weidman, D. L.

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

Westbrook, P.

Westbrook, P. S.

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

B.J. Eggleton, P. S. Westbrook, R. S. Windeler, S. Spalter, and T. A. Strasser, “Grating resonances in air-silica microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1460–1462 (1999)
[Crossref]

Williams, P. A.

S. D. Dyer, P. A. Williams, R. J. Espejo, J. D. Kofler, and S. M. Etzel, “Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005).

Windeler, R.

Windeler, R. S.

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

B.J. Eggleton, P. S. Westbrook, R. S. Windeler, S. Spalter, and T. A. Strasser, “Grating resonances in air-silica microstructured optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1460–1462 (1999)
[Crossref]

Zagari, J.

Electron. Lett. (1)

G. Humbert, A. Malki, S. Février, P. Roy, and D. Pagnoux, “Electric arc-induced long-period gratings in Ge-free air-silica microstructured fibres,” Electron. Lett. 39, 349–350 (2003)
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. (2)

L. Dong, G. Qi, M. Marro, V. Bhatia, L. L. Hepburn, M. Swan, A. Collier, and D. L. Weidman, “Suppression of cladding mode coupling loss in fiber Bragg gratings,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 18, 1583–1590 (2000)
[Crossref]

T.M. Monro, D. J. Richardson, N. G. R. Broderick, and P. J. Bennett, “Holey optical fibers: an efficient modal model,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 17, 1093–1101 (1999)
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

P. S. Westbrook, B. J. Eggleton, R. S. Windeler, A. Hale, T. A. Strasser, and G. L. Burdge, “Cladding-Mode Resonances in Hybrid Polymer-Silica Microstructured Optical Fiber Gratings,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 495–497 (2000)
[Crossref]

Meas. Sci. Technol. (2)

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, Y. Frignac, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fibre Bragg Grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibres for refractive index measurement,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, pp 992–997 (2006)
[Crossref]

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Tilted short-period fiber-Bragg-grating-induced coupling to cladding modes for accurate refractometry,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 765–770 (July 2001)
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (5)

Optix (1)

G. Laffont and P. Ferdinand, “Mesure de la salinité et suivi de polymérisation d’une résine à l’aide d’un réfrac-tomètre à réseau de Bragg à traits inclinés,” Optix2001, Marseille 26–28 Novembre

Other (10)

M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pagnoux, W. Blanc, and B. Dussardier, “Fiber Bragg grating photowriting in microstructured optical fibers for sensing application based on refractive index measurement,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

R. Parmentier, M. C. Phan Huy, G. Laffont, V. Dewynter-Marty, P. Ferdinand, P. Roy, J-M. Blondy, D. Pag-noux, and B. Dussardier, “Cross comparison between theoretical and experimental modal field patterns in a doped-core microstructured fiber,” Summer school on advanced glass-based nanophotonics POWAG 2004

J. H. Lee, W. Belardi, T. M. Monro, and D. J. Richardson, “Holey fiber based nonlinear optical devices for telecommunications,” Proc. 29th CLEO/QELS (Baltimore, June 2003)

P. Andrés, A. Ferrando, E. Silvestre, J. J. Miret, and M. V. Andrés, “Dispersion and polarization properties in photonic crystal fibers,” Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Transparent Optical Networks ICTON (2002)
[PubMed]

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, S. Barkou, and K. Dridi, “Dispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber,” 24th ECOC Conf. (Madrid, Sept. 1998)

D. Pagnouxet al., “Microstructured fibers for sensing applications,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

http://www.comsol.com/

G. Laffont, “Etude et développement de transducteurs et systèmes de mesure à réseaux de Bragg à traits incli-nés photoinscrits dans des fibres optiques monomodes,” Ph. D Thesis, Lille University (2001, n°2983).

G. Laffont, N. Roussel, L. Maurin, J. Boussoir, B. Clogenson, L. Auger, S. Magne, and P. Ferdinand, “Wavelength tunable fiber ring laser for high-speed interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors,” Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005)

S. D. Dyer, P. A. Williams, R. J. Espejo, J. D. Kofler, and S. M. Etzel, “Fundamental limits in fiber Bragg grating peak wavelength measurements,” invited paper Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on Optical Fibre Sensors OFS17 (Bruges, May 2005).

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Figures (10)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Optical microscope image of the manufactured six-hole MOF.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Lloyd mirror interferometer setup used for TFBG photowriting.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Transmission spectra of (a) non-tilted, (b) 4°-tilted, (c) 8°-tilted, (d) 12°-tilted and (e) 16°-tilted FBGs photowritten in classical single-mode fiber with the Lloyd interferometer setup [23].

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Coupling between the fundamental mode (forward propagating guided mode) and backward cladding modes induced by TFBG [23]: on the right, coupling diagram showing the fundamental forward-propagating mode coupled to a backward-propagating cladding mode through the coupling vector (Λeff is the effective period of the grating, that is Λ – the fringe’s period – divided by cos θ – the tilt angle).

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Transmission spectrum of a 16°-tilted FBG photowritten in a standard singlemode fiber and for two distinct values of the surrounding refractive index [12].

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Transmission spectrum of (a) non-tilted, (b) 3°-tilted, (c) 4°-tilted, (d) 6°-tilted FBG photowritten in the six-hole fiber.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Near-IR modal imaging setup.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Experimental TFBG transmission spectrum with corresponding experimental (top line), LFM-simulated (middle line) and FEM-simulated (bottom line, with commercial software Femlab) modal field pattern for the six-holes fiber

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Transmission spectrum of two 6°-tilted TFBGs photowritten in the core of two different sections of the six-holes fiber, revealing a) modes E and F or b) modes D, E, and F

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Wavelength shift of the first four resonances versus the refractive index of the fluid inserted into the holes.

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Tables (1)

Tables Icon

Table 1. Refractive index resolution of the first four modes (based on a 1 pm spectral resolution, [24]).

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