D. R.
Smith
,
J. J.
Mock
,
A. F.
Starr
, and
D.
Schurig
, “
Gradient index metamaterials
,”
Phys. Rev. E
71
, 036609 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
N.
Fang
,
H.
Lee
,
C.
Sun
, and
X.
Zhang
, “
Sub-diffraction-dimited optical imaging with a silver superlens
,”
Science
308
, 534 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
D. O. S.
Melville
and
R. J.
Blaikie
, “
Super-resolution imaging through a planar silver layer
,”
Opt. Express
13
, 2127 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
X.
Zhang
and
Z.
Liu
, “
Negative refraction of acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
85
, 341 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
D.R.
Smith
and
D.
Schurig
, “
Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
90
, 077405 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
Y.
Zhang
,
B.
Fluegel
, and
A.
Mascarenhas
, “
Total negative refraction in real crystals for ballistic electrons and light
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
, 157404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
,
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, and
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. B
68
, 045115 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction
,”
Nature
(London)
426
, 404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E.
Cubukcu
,
K.
Aydin
,
E.
Ozbay
,
S.
Foteinopoulou
, and
C. M.
Soukoulis
, “
Negative refraction by photonic crystals
,”
Nature
(London)
423
, 604 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
W. T.
Lu
and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Near-field imaging by negative permittivity media
,”
Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett.
39
, 282 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
J. T.
Shen
and
P. M.
Platzman
, “
Near field imaging with negative dielectric constant lenses
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
80
, 3286 ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
, and
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, “
All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index
,”
Phys. Rev. B
65
, 201104 (R) ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
R. A.
Shelby
,
D. R.
Smith
, and
S.
Shultz
, “
Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction
,”
Science
292
, 77 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. B.
Wilkinson
,
T. M.
Fromhold
,
R. P.
Taylor
, and
A. P.
Micolich
, “
Electromagnetic wave chaos in gradient refractive index optical cavities
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 5466 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Negative refraction makes a perfect lens
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
85
, 3966 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
R. A.
Silin
, “
Possibility of creating plane-parallel lenses
,”
Opt. Spectrosc.
44
, 109 ( 1978 ).
V. G.
Veselago
, “
The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of
ε
and
μ
,”
Sov. Phys. Usp.
10
, 509 ( 1968 ).
[Crossref]
E.
Cubukcu
,
K.
Aydin
,
E.
Ozbay
,
S.
Foteinopoulou
, and
C. M.
Soukoulis
, “
Negative refraction by photonic crystals
,”
Nature
(London)
423
, 604 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
M.
Born
and
E.
Wolf
,
Principles of Optics
, 7th ed., Cambridge University Press ( 2003 ).
E.
Cubukcu
,
K.
Aydin
,
E.
Ozbay
,
S.
Foteinopoulou
, and
C. M.
Soukoulis
, “
Negative refraction by photonic crystals
,”
Nature
(London)
423
, 604 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
N.
Fang
,
H.
Lee
,
C.
Sun
, and
X.
Zhang
, “
Sub-diffraction-dimited optical imaging with a silver superlens
,”
Science
308
, 534 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
Y.
Zhang
,
B.
Fluegel
, and
A.
Mascarenhas
, “
Total negative refraction in real crystals for ballistic electrons and light
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
, 157404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E.
Cubukcu
,
K.
Aydin
,
E.
Ozbay
,
S.
Foteinopoulou
, and
C. M.
Soukoulis
, “
Negative refraction by photonic crystals
,”
Nature
(London)
423
, 604 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. B.
Wilkinson
,
T. M.
Fromhold
,
R. P.
Taylor
, and
A. P.
Micolich
, “
Electromagnetic wave chaos in gradient refractive index optical cavities
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 5466 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
,
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, and
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. B
68
, 045115 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
, and
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, “
All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index
,”
Phys. Rev. B
65
, 201104 (R) ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
,
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, and
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. B
68
, 045115 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
, and
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, “
All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index
,”
Phys. Rev. B
65
, 201104 (R) ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
L.
Landau
and
I.M.
Lifshitz
,
Electrodynamics of continuous media
, 2nd Ed. ( Elsevier 1984 ).
N.
Fang
,
H.
Lee
,
C.
Sun
, and
X.
Zhang
, “
Sub-diffraction-dimited optical imaging with a silver superlens
,”
Science
308
, 534 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
L.
Landau
and
I.M.
Lifshitz
,
Electrodynamics of continuous media
, 2nd Ed. ( Elsevier 1984 ).
X.
Zhang
and
Z.
Liu
, “
Negative refraction of acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
85
, 341 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
W. T.
Lu
and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Near-field imaging by negative permittivity media
,”
Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett.
39
, 282 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction
,”
Nature
(London)
426
, 404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
,
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, and
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. B
68
, 045115 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
, and
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, “
All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index
,”
Phys. Rev. B
65
, 201104 (R) ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
B.
Mahon
,
The man who changed everything: The life of James Clerk Maxwell
, John Wiley & Sons 2004 .
E. W.
Marchland
,
Gradient Index Optics
, Academic Press, New York ( 1978 ).
Y.
Zhang
,
B.
Fluegel
, and
A.
Mascarenhas
, “
Total negative refraction in real crystals for ballistic electrons and light
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
, 157404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. B.
Wilkinson
,
T. M.
Fromhold
,
R. P.
Taylor
, and
A. P.
Micolich
, “
Electromagnetic wave chaos in gradient refractive index optical cavities
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 5466 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
D. R.
Smith
,
J. J.
Mock
,
A. F.
Starr
, and
D.
Schurig
, “
Gradient index metamaterials
,”
Phys. Rev. E
71
, 036609 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
E.
Cubukcu
,
K.
Aydin
,
E.
Ozbay
,
S.
Foteinopoulou
, and
C. M.
Soukoulis
, “
Negative refraction by photonic crystals
,”
Nature
(London)
423
, 604 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction
,”
Nature
(London)
426
, 404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
,
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, and
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. B
68
, 045115 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Negative refraction makes a perfect lens
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
85
, 3966 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
J. T.
Shen
and
P. M.
Platzman
, “
Near field imaging with negative dielectric constant lenses
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
80
, 3286 ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
D. R.
Smith
,
J. J.
Mock
,
A. F.
Starr
, and
D.
Schurig
, “
Gradient index metamaterials
,”
Phys. Rev. E
71
, 036609 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
D.R.
Smith
and
D.
Schurig
, “
Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
90
, 077405 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
R. A.
Shelby
,
D. R.
Smith
, and
S.
Shultz
, “
Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction
,”
Science
292
, 77 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
J. T.
Shen
and
P. M.
Platzman
, “
Near field imaging with negative dielectric constant lenses
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
80
, 3286 ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
R. A.
Shelby
,
D. R.
Smith
, and
S.
Shultz
, “
Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction
,”
Science
292
, 77 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
R. A.
Silin
, “
Possibility of creating plane-parallel lenses
,”
Opt. Spectrosc.
44
, 109 ( 1978 ).
D. R.
Smith
,
J. J.
Mock
,
A. F.
Starr
, and
D.
Schurig
, “
Gradient index metamaterials
,”
Phys. Rev. E
71
, 036609 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
R. A.
Shelby
,
D. R.
Smith
, and
S.
Shultz
, “
Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction
,”
Science
292
, 77 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
D.R.
Smith
and
D.
Schurig
, “
Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
90
, 077405 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E.
Cubukcu
,
K.
Aydin
,
E.
Ozbay
,
S.
Foteinopoulou
, and
C. M.
Soukoulis
, “
Negative refraction by photonic crystals
,”
Nature
(London)
423
, 604 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
W. T.
Lu
and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Near-field imaging by negative permittivity media
,”
Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett.
39
, 282 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction
,”
Nature
(London)
426
, 404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
D. R.
Smith
,
J. J.
Mock
,
A. F.
Starr
, and
D.
Schurig
, “
Gradient index metamaterials
,”
Phys. Rev. E
71
, 036609 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
N.
Fang
,
H.
Lee
,
C.
Sun
, and
X.
Zhang
, “
Sub-diffraction-dimited optical imaging with a silver superlens
,”
Science
308
, 534 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. B.
Wilkinson
,
T. M.
Fromhold
,
R. P.
Taylor
, and
A. P.
Micolich
, “
Electromagnetic wave chaos in gradient refractive index optical cavities
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 5466 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
S. A.
Tretyakov
, “
Research on negative refraction and backward-wave media: A historical perspective
,” in
Negative Refraction: Revisiting Electromagnetics from Microwave to Optics
, EPFL Latsis Symposium, Lausanne, Switzerland , 2005 , pp. 30 – 35 .
V. G.
Veselago
, “
The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of
ε
and
μ
,”
Sov. Phys. Usp.
10
, 509 ( 1968 ).
[Crossref]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction
,”
Nature
(London)
426
, 404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. B.
Wilkinson
,
T. M.
Fromhold
,
R. P.
Taylor
, and
A. P.
Micolich
, “
Electromagnetic wave chaos in gradient refractive index optical cavities
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 5466 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
M.
Born
and
E.
Wolf
,
Principles of Optics
, 7th ed., Cambridge University Press ( 2003 ).
N.
Fang
,
H.
Lee
,
C.
Sun
, and
X.
Zhang
, “
Sub-diffraction-dimited optical imaging with a silver superlens
,”
Science
308
, 534 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
X.
Zhang
and
Z.
Liu
, “
Negative refraction of acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
85
, 341 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
Y.
Zhang
,
B.
Fluegel
, and
A.
Mascarenhas
, “
Total negative refraction in real crystals for ballistic electrons and light
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
, 157404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
J. T.
Shen
and
P. M.
Platzman
, “
Near field imaging with negative dielectric constant lenses
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
80
, 3286 ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
X.
Zhang
and
Z.
Liu
, “
Negative refraction of acoustic waves in two-dimensional phononic crystals
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
85
, 341 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
W. T.
Lu
and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Near-field imaging by negative permittivity media
,”
Microwave Opt. Tech. Lett.
39
, 282 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
E.
Cubukcu
,
K.
Aydin
,
E.
Ozbay
,
S.
Foteinopoulou
, and
C. M.
Soukoulis
, “
Negative refraction by photonic crystals
,”
Nature
(London)
423
, 604 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Imaging by flat lens using negative refraction
,”
Nature
(London)
426
, 404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
R. A.
Silin
, “
Possibility of creating plane-parallel lenses
,”
Opt. Spectrosc.
44
, 109 ( 1978 ).
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
, and
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, “
All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index
,”
Phys. Rev. B
65
, 201104 (R) ( 2002 ).
[Crossref]
C.
Luo
,
S. G.
Johnson
,
J. D.
Joannopoulos
, and
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Subwavelength imaging in photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. B
68
, 045115 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
D. R.
Smith
,
J. J.
Mock
,
A. F.
Starr
, and
D.
Schurig
, “
Gradient index metamaterials
,”
Phys. Rev. E
71
, 036609 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
J. B.
Pendry
, “
Negative refraction makes a perfect lens
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
85
, 3966 ( 2000 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. B.
Wilkinson
,
T. M.
Fromhold
,
R. P.
Taylor
, and
A. P.
Micolich
, “
Electromagnetic wave chaos in gradient refractive index optical cavities
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
86
, 5466 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
P. V.
Parimi
,
W. T.
Lu
,
P.
Vodo
,
J.
Sokoloff
,
J. S.
Derov
, and
S.
Sridhar
, “
Negative refraction and left-handed electromagnetism in microwave photonic crystals
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
92
, 127401 ( 2004 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
Y.
Zhang
,
B.
Fluegel
, and
A.
Mascarenhas
, “
Total negative refraction in real crystals for ballistic electrons and light
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
91
, 157404 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
D.R.
Smith
and
D.
Schurig
, “
Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors
,”
Phys. Rev. Lett.
90
, 077405 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
N.
Fang
,
H.
Lee
,
C.
Sun
, and
X.
Zhang
, “
Sub-diffraction-dimited optical imaging with a silver superlens
,”
Science
308
, 534 ( 2005 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
R. A.
Shelby
,
D. R.
Smith
, and
S.
Shultz
, “
Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction
,”
Science
292
, 77 ( 2001 ).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
V. G.
Veselago
, “
The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative values of
ε
and
μ
,”
Sov. Phys. Usp.
10
, 509 ( 1968 ).
[Crossref]
S. A.
Tretyakov
, “
Research on negative refraction and backward-wave media: A historical perspective
,” in
Negative Refraction: Revisiting Electromagnetics from Microwave to Optics
, EPFL Latsis Symposium, Lausanne, Switzerland , 2005 , pp. 30 – 35 .
B.
Mahon
,
The man who changed everything: The life of James Clerk Maxwell
, John Wiley & Sons 2004 .
M.
Born
and
E.
Wolf
,
Principles of Optics
, 7th ed., Cambridge University Press ( 2003 ).
E. W.
Marchland
,
Gradient Index Optics
, Academic Press, New York ( 1978 ).
Note that the Veselago-Pendry lens also operates at a single frequency for which n = ε = μ = -1.
L.
Landau
and
I.M.
Lifshitz
,
Electrodynamics of continuous media
, 2nd Ed. ( Elsevier 1984 ).
For a PhC with negative group refraction, κ is always nonzero. For example for the second band, κ ~ 2 π / a instead of κ ~ 0.