S-band optical amplification by an internally generated pump in thulium ytterbium codoped fiber

Jun Chang; Qing-Pu Wang; Xingyu Zhang; Zhejin Liu; Zhaojun Liu; Gang-Ding Peng

doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.003902

S-band optical amplification by an internally generated pump in thulium ytterbium codoped fiber

Jun Chang, Qing-Pu Wang, Xingyu Zhang, Zhejin Liu, Zhaojun Liu, and Gang-Ding Peng

Optics Express
Vol. 13,
Issue 11,
pp. 3902-3912
(2005)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.13.003902

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Jun Chang, Qing-Pu Wang, Xingyu Zhang, Zhejin Liu, Zhaojun Liu, and Gang-Ding Peng, "S-band optical amplification by an internally generated pump in thulium ytterbium codoped fiber," Opt. Express 13, 3902-3912 (2005)

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Abstract

We propose a novel scheme in which Yb³⁺ codoping and a laser cavity are introduced in Tm³⁺ doped fiber to achieve efficient S-band optical amplification with a 980 nm pump source. This scheme makes it possible for conventional 980 nm pump sources for Er³⁺ doped fiber amplifiers to be used for S-band Tm³⁺ doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs). By introducing a laser cavity into an amplifier, an internally generated pump from Yb³⁺ at a desirable wavelength for pumping Tm³⁺ could be produced. We establish and analyze, for the first time to our knowledge, a new theoretical model that takes into consideration both the internal lasing operation inside the optical amplification process and the energy transfer between the Tm³⁺ and the Yb³⁺ ions in TDFAs. Various situations such as Tm³⁺ doping concentration and cavity reflectivity have been investigated. The results show that high optical gain and high pump efficiency can be achieved by use of 980 nm sources. With a laser cavity of 1050 nm in Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ codoped fiber, for example, it is possible to achieve high optical gain of greater than 20 dB, a noise figure of approximately 5 dB in the wavelength range from 1450 to 1480 nm with a 0.3 W power at 980 nm pump source.

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Author
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Publication

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M. Naftaly, S. Shen, and A. Jha, “Tm3+-doped tellurite glass for a broadband amplifier at 1.47 µm,” Appl. Opt. 39, 4979–4984 (2000).
[Crossref]
A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
[Crossref]
S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]
C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]
Y.-J. Zhang, B.-Q. Yao, Y.-L. Ju, and Y.-Z. Wang, “Gain-switched Tm3+-doped double-clad silica fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 1085–1089 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]
J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]
Q. Wang, R. Ahrens, and N. K. Dutta, “Optical gain of single mode short Er/Yb doped fiber,” Opt. Express 12, 6192–6197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Shirakawa, J. Ota, M. Musha, K. Nakagawa, K. Ueda, J. R. Folkenberg, and J. Broeng “Large-mode-area erbium-ytterbium-doped photonic-crystal fiber amplifier for high-energy femtosecond pulses at 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 13, 1221–1227 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
F. Ö. Ilday, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Generation of sub-100-fs pulses at up to 200 MHz repetition rate from a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 2716–2721 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Kasamatsu, Y. Yano, and T. Ono, “1.49-µm-Band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1826–1838 (2002).
[Crossref]
F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]
A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]
W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

2005 (3)

Y.-J. Zhang, B.-Q. Yao, Y.-L. Ju, and Y.-Z. Wang, “Gain-switched Tm3+-doped double-clad silica fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 1085–1089 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Shirakawa, J. Ota, M. Musha, K. Nakagawa, K. Ueda, J. R. Folkenberg, and J. Broeng “Large-mode-area erbium-ytterbium-doped photonic-crystal fiber amplifier for high-energy femtosecond pulses at 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 13, 1221–1227 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Ö. Ilday, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Generation of sub-100-fs pulses at up to 200 MHz repetition rate from a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 2716–2721 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (3)

Q. Wang, R. Ahrens, and N. K. Dutta, “Optical gain of single mode short Er/Yb doped fiber,” Opt. Express 12, 6192–6197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (2)

A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

T. Kasamatsu, Y. Yano, and T. Ono, “1.49-µm-Band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1826–1838 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

2000 (4)

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Naftaly, S. Shen, and A. Jha, “Tm3+-doped tellurite glass for a broadband amplifier at 1.47 µm,” Appl. Opt. 39, 4979–4984 (2000).
[Crossref]

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Ahrens, R.

Q. Wang, R. Ahrens, and N. K. Dutta, “Optical gain of single mode short Er/Yb doped fiber,” Opt. Express 12, 6192–6197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Allain, J. Y.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Aozasa, S.

Bastos-Filho, C. J. A.

Blanc, W.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Braud, A.

Broeng, J.

Brunet, F.

Carvalho, M. T.

Chen, J.

Costa e Silva, M. B.

Doualan, J. L.

Dussardier, B.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Dutta, N. K.

Q. Wang, R. Ahrens, and N. K. Dutta, “Optical gain of single mode short Er/Yb doped fiber,” Opt. Express 12, 6192–6197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Faure, B.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Floridia, C.

Folkenberg, J. R.

Georges, T.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Girard, S.

Glodis, P. F.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gomes, A. S.

A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
[Crossref]

Gomes, A. S. L.

Hoshino, K.

Ilday, F. Ö.

Jha, A.

M. Naftaly, S. Shen, and A. Jha, “Tm3+-doped tellurite glass for a broadband amplifier at 1.47 µm,” Appl. Opt. 39, 4979–4984 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ju, Y.-L.

Y.-J. Zhang, B.-Q. Yao, Y.-L. Ju, and Y.-Z. Wang, “Gain-switched Tm3+-doped double-clad silica fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 1085–1089 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kanamori, T.

Karasek, M.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Kärtner, F. X.

Kasamatsu, T.

T. Kasamatsu, Y. Yano, and T. Ono, “1.49-µm-Band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1826–1838 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kobayashi, K.

Laperle, P.

LaRochelle, S.

Lee, W. J.

Lüthi, S. R.

Margulis, W.

Martins-Filho, J. F.

Min, B.

Moncorge, R.

Monerie, M.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Musha, M.

Naftaly, M.

M. Naftaly, S. Shen, and A. Jha, “Tm3+-doped tellurite glass for a broadband amplifier at 1.47 µm,” Appl. Opt. 39, 4979–4984 (2000).
[Crossref]

Nakagawa, K.

Ono, T.

T. Kasamatsu, Y. Yano, and T. Ono, “1.49-µm-Band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1826–1838 (2002).
[Crossref]

Ota, J.

Park, J.

Park, N.

Peterka, P.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Poignant, H.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Pujol, L.

Sakamoto, T.

Shen, S.

M. Naftaly, S. Shen, and A. Jha, “Tm3+-doped tellurite glass for a broadband amplifier at 1.47 µm,” Appl. Opt. 39, 4979–4984 (2000).
[Crossref]

Shimizu, M.

Shirakawa, A.

Shraiman, B. I.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stephen, M. J.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sundheimer, M. L.

Thomas, G. A.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Thuau, M.

Tkachuk, A. M.

Ueda, K.

Vallée, R.

von der Weid, J. P.

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit (1)

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

T. Kasamatsu, Y. Yano, and T. Ono, “1.49-µm-Band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1826–1838 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (1)

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (4)

Y.-J. Zhang, B.-Q. Yao, Y.-L. Ju, and Y.-Z. Wang, “Gain-switched Tm3+-doped double-clad silica fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 1085–1089 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Wang, R. Ahrens, and N. K. Dutta, “Optical gain of single mode short Er/Yb doped fiber,” Opt. Express 12, 6192–6197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett (1)

Opt. Quantum Electron. (1)

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B (1)

Proc. SPIE (2)

A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
[Crossref]

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Fig. 1.

Schematic diagram of a TDFA with an internal laser cavity.

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Fig. 2.

Energy levels of Tm ³⁺ and Yb ³⁺ and pump.3. Results and discussion

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Fig. 3.

Distributed gain along the fiber with a different cavity.

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Fig. 4.

Spectral gain versus cavity length.

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Fig. 5.

Spectral gain under different pump power.

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Fig. 6.

Spectral gain and NF of the amplifier with different Tm ³⁺ concentration.

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Fig. 7.

Spectral gain versus reflectivity of a laser cavity at 1050 nm.

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Fig. 8.

Spectral gain and NF of two different lasing wavelengths: 1050 and1064 nm.

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Fig. 9.

Gain and NF of codoped amplifier and TDFA pumped by an Yb³⁺ doped fiber laser.

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Tables (1)

Table 1. Parameters Used for the Numerical Simulations

View Table

Equations (15)

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\frac{d N_{TI}}{d t} = N_{T 2} A_{T 21}^{nr} + N_{T 3} (W_{T 31} + A_{T 31}^{r}) - K_{YT 2} N_{T 1} N_{Y 1} - N_{T 1} (W_{T 13} + W_{T 14} + A_{T 10}^{r})

\frac{d N_{T 2}}{d t} = N_{T 0} W_{T 02} - N_{T 2} A_{T 21}^{nr} + N_{T 5} A_{T 52}^{r} + K_{YT 1} N_{T 0} N_{Y 1}

\frac{d N_{T 3}}{d t} = N_{T 1} W_{T 13} + N_{T 4} A_{T 43}^{nr} - N_{T 3} (W_{T 31} + W_{T 35} + A_{T 30}^{r})

\frac{d N_{T 4}}{d t} = N_{T 1} W_{T 14} - N_{T 4} A_{T 43}^{nr} + K_{YT 2} N_{T 1} N_{Y 1}

\frac{d N_{T 5}}{d t} = N_{T 3} W_{T 35} - N_{T 5} (A_{T 5 0}^{r} + A_{T 5 2}^{r})

N_{T} = N_{T 0} + N_{T 1} + N_{T 2} + N_{T 3} + N_{T 4} + N_{T 5}

\frac{d N_{Y 1}}{d t} = N_{Y 0} W_{Y 01} - N_{Y 0} W_{Y 10} - K_{YT 1} N_{T 0} N_{Y 1} - K_{YT 2} N_{T 1} N_{Y 1} - N_{Y 1} ⁄ τ_{1}

N_{Y} = N_{Y 0} + N_{Y 1} .

W_{ij} (z) = \int_{0}^{\infty} λ Γ (λ) σ_{ij} \frac{(P_{λ}^{+} (z, λ) + P_{λ}^{-} (z, λ))}{h c π b^{2}} d λ

Γ (λ) = \frac{\int_{0}^{\infty} {∣ E (r, φ, λ) ∣}^{2} N (r) r d r}{N_{Tm} \int_{0}^{\infty} {∣ E (r, φ, λ) ∣}^{2} r d r}

\frac{d P^{\pm} (λ)}{d z} = Γ (λ) P^{\pm} (λ) \sum_{ij} (N_{i} σ_{ij} (λ) - N_{j} σ_{ji} (λ)) \pm Γ (λ) \sum_{ij} 2 h ν_{ij} Δ ν N_{i} σ_{ij} (λ) \mp α P^{\pm} (λ)

P_{pump} (z = 0) = P_{0},

P_{s} (0) = P_{s},

{P_{laser, +}}^{+} (z = 0) = R_{1} {P_{laser}}^{-} (z = 0),

{P_{laser}}^{-} (z = L) = R_{2} {P_{laser}}^{+} (z = L) .

Parameter	Unit	Symbol	Value	Ref
Tm concentration	ppm		1000–2500
Specification
Yb concentration	ppm		600	Specification
Core diameter	µm	2a	2.8	Specification
Background loss	dB/m	α	0.04	Specification
Spontaneous	1/s	A_T10	172.4	[13]
emission	1/s	A_T30	702.8	[13]
rate	1/s	A_T50	676.3	[13]
	1/s	A_T52	492.9	[13]
	1/s	A_Y10	588.2	[9]
Nonradiative	1/s	A_T43	52986	[13]
decay rate	1/s	A_T21	195626	[13]
Pump absorption	m²	σ₀₂ (1050)	1.36×10^-27	[5]
Cross section(Tm)	m²	σ₁₄ (1050)	1.0×10^-25	[5]
	m²	σ₃₅(1050)	1.5×10^-27	[5]
	m²	σ₀₂ (1064)	5.0×10^-27	[14]
	m²	σ₁₄ (1064)	2.1×10^-25	[14]
	m²	σ₃₅(1064)	4.2×10^-27	[14]
Energy transfer	m³/s	K_YT1	5×10^-26	[8]
parameter	m³/s	K_YT2	5×10^-25	[8]

Abstract

References

2005 (3)

2004 (3)

2003 (2)

2002 (1)

2001 (1)

2000 (4)

1999 (1)

1993 (1)

Ahrens, R.

Allain, J. Y.

Aozasa, S.

Bastos-Filho, C. J. A.

Blanc, W.

Braud, A.

Broeng, J.

Brunet, F.

Carvalho, M. T.

Chen, J.

Costa e Silva, M. B.

Doualan, J. L.

Dussardier, B.

Dutta, N. K.

Faure, B.

Floridia, C.

Folkenberg, J. R.

Georges, T.

Girard, S.

Glodis, P. F.

Gomes, A. S.

Gomes, A. S. L.

Hoshino, K.

Ilday, F. Ö.

Jha, A.

Ju, Y.-L.

Kanamori, T.

Karasek, M.

Kärtner, F. X.

Kasamatsu, T.

Kobayashi, K.

Laperle, P.

LaRochelle, S.

Lee, W. J.

Lüthi, S. R.

Margulis, W.

Martins-Filho, J. F.

Min, B.

Moncorge, R.

Monerie, M.

Musha, M.

Naftaly, M.

Nakagawa, K.

Ono, T.

Ota, J.

Park, J.

Park, N.

Peterka, P.

Poignant, H.

Pujol, L.

Sakamoto, T.

Shen, S.

Shimizu, M.

Shirakawa, A.

Shraiman, B. I.

Stephen, M. J.

Sundheimer, M. L.

Thomas, G. A.

Thuau, M.

Tkachuk, A. M.

Ueda, K.

Vallée, R.

von der Weid, J. P.

Wang, Q.

Wang, Y.-Z.

Yano, Y.

Yao, B.-Q.

Zhang, Y.-J.

Appl. Opt. (1)

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)