Abstract

We propose a novel scheme in which Yb3+ codoping and a laser cavity are introduced in Tm3+ doped fiber to achieve efficient S-band optical amplification with a 980 nm pump source. This scheme makes it possible for conventional 980 nm pump sources for Er3+ doped fiber amplifiers to be used for S-band Tm3+ doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs). By introducing a laser cavity into an amplifier, an internally generated pump from Yb3+ at a desirable wavelength for pumping Tm3+ could be produced. We establish and analyze, for the first time to our knowledge, a new theoretical model that takes into consideration both the internal lasing operation inside the optical amplification process and the energy transfer between the Tm3+ and the Yb3+ ions in TDFAs. Various situations such as Tm3+ doping concentration and cavity reflectivity have been investigated. The results show that high optical gain and high pump efficiency can be achieved by use of 980 nm sources. With a laser cavity of 1050 nm in Tm3+ and Yb3+ codoped fiber, for example, it is possible to achieve high optical gain of greater than 20 dB, a noise figure of approximately 5 dB in the wavelength range from 1450 to 1480 nm with a 0.3 W power at 980 nm pump source.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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  1. G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. M. Naftaly, S. Shen, and A. Jha, “Tm3+-doped tellurite glass for a broadband amplifier at 1.47 µm,” Appl. Opt. 39, 4979–4984 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  3. A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  4. S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  5. C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  7. Y.-J. Zhang, B.-Q. Yao, Y.-L. Ju, and Y.-Z. Wang, “Gain-switched Tm3+-doped double-clad silica fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 1085–1089 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  9. J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
    [Crossref]
  10. Q. Wang, R. Ahrens, and N. K. Dutta, “Optical gain of single mode short Er/Yb doped fiber,” Opt. Express 12, 6192–6197 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. A. Shirakawa, J. Ota, M. Musha, K. Nakagawa, K. Ueda, J. R. Folkenberg, and J. Broeng “Large-mode-area erbium-ytterbium-doped photonic-crystal fiber amplifier for high-energy femtosecond pulses at 1.55 µm,” Opt. Express 13, 1221–1227 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. F. Ö. Ilday, J. Chen, and F. X. Kärtner, “Generation of sub-100-fs pulses at up to 200 MHz repetition rate from a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser,” Opt. Express 13, 2716–2721 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. T. Kasamatsu, Y. Yano, and T. Ono, “1.49-µm-Band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1826–1838 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  14. F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  15. A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  16. W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,  Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

2005 (3)

2004 (3)

Q. Wang, R. Ahrens, and N. K. Dutta, “Optical gain of single mode short Er/Yb doped fiber,” Opt. Express 12, 6192–6197 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (2)

A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

2001 (1)

W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,  Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

2000 (4)

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Naftaly, S. Shen, and A. Jha, “Tm3+-doped tellurite glass for a broadband amplifier at 1.47 µm,” Appl. Opt. 39, 4979–4984 (2000).
[Crossref]

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Ahrens, R.

Allain, J. Y.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Aozasa, S.

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

Bastos-Filho, C. J. A.

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Blanc, W.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Braud, A.

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

Broeng, J.

Brunet, F.

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

Carvalho, M. T.

C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chen, J.

Costa e Silva, M. B.

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Doualan, J. L.

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

Dussardier, B.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Dutta, N. K.

Faure, B.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Floridia, C.

C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Folkenberg, J. R.

Georges, T.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Girard, S.

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

Glodis, P. F.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gomes, A. S.

A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
[Crossref]

Gomes, A. S. L.

C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Hoshino, K.

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ilday, F. Ö.

Jha, A.

Ju, Y.-L.

Kanamori, T.

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

Karasek, M.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Kärtner, F. X.

Kasamatsu, T.

Kobayashi, K.

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

Laperle, P.

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

LaRochelle, S.

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

Lee, W. J.

W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,  Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

Lüthi, S. R.

C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Margulis, W.

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Martins-Filho, J. F.

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Min, B.

W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,  Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

Moncorge, R.

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

Monerie, M.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Musha, M.

Naftaly, M.

Nakagawa, K.

Ono, T.

Ota, J.

Park, J.

W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,  Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

Park, N.

W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,  Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

Peterka, P.

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Poignant, H.

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Pujol, L.

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

Sakamoto, T.

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

Shen, S.

Shimizu, M.

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

Shirakawa, A.

Shraiman, B. I.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stephen, M. J.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sundheimer, M. L.

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Thomas, G. A.

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Thuau, M.

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

Tkachuk, A. M.

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ueda, K.

Vallée, R.

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

von der Weid, J. P.

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wang, Q.

Wang, Y.-Z.

Yano, Y.

Yao, B.-Q.

Zhang, Y.-J.

Appl. Opt. (1)

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

S. Aozasa, T. Sakamoto, T. Kanamori, K. Hoshino, K. Kobayashi, and M. Shimizu, “Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1331–1333 (2000).
[Crossref]

A. S. L. Gomes, M. T. Carvalho, M. L. Sundheimer, C. J. A. Bastos-Filho, J. F. Martins-Filho, M. B. Costa e Silva, J. P. von der Weid, and W. Margulis, “Characterization of efficient dual-wavelength (1050 + 800 nm) pumping scheme for thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 200–202 (2003).
[Crossref]

in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit (1)

W. J. Lee, B. Min, J. Park, and N. Park, “Study on the pumping wavelength dependency of S-band fluoride based thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,  Vol. 2 (IEEE, 2001), pages TuQ4-1–TuQ4-3.

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (1)

J. Y. Allain, M. Monerie, H. Poignant, and T. Georges, “High-efficiency ytterbium-doped fluoride fiber laser,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 161, 270–273 (1993).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

G. A. Thomas, B. I. Shraiman, P. F. Glodis, and M. J. Stephen, “Towards the clarity limit in optical fibre,” Nature 404, 262–264 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (4)

Opt. Lett (1)

C. Floridia, M. T. Carvalho, S. R. Lüthi, and A. S. L. Gomes, “Modeling the distributed gain of single- (1050 or 1410 nm) and dual-wavelength (800+1050 nm or 800+1410 nm) pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Lett 29, 1983–1985 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Quantum Electron. (1)

P. Peterka, B. Faure, W. Blanc, M. Karasek, and B. Dussardier, “Theoretical modelling of S-band thulium-doped silica fiber amplifiers,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 36, 201–212 (2004).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B (1)

A. Braud, S. Girard, J. L. Doualan, M. Thuau, R. Moncorge, and A. M. Tkachuk, “Energy-transfer processes in Yb:Tm-doped KY3F10, LiYF4, and BaY2F8 single crystals for laser operation at 1.5 and 2.3 µm,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 5280–5292 (2000).
[Crossref]

Proc. SPIE (2)

F. Brunet, P. Laperle, R. Vallée, S. LaRochelle, and L. Pujol, “Modeling of Tm-doped ZBLAN blue upconversion fiber lasers operating at 455 nm,” in Infrared Optical Fibers and Their Applications, M. Saad and J. A. Harrington, eds., Proc. SPIE 3849,125–135 (1999).
[Crossref]

A. S. Gomes, “Recent progress in thulium doped fiber amplifiers,” in Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices VII, S. Jiang and J. Lucas, eds, Proc. SPIE 4990, 1–10 (2003).
[Crossref]

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Figures (9)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Schematic diagram of a TDFA with an internal laser cavity.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Energy levels of Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ and pump.3. Results and discussion

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Distributed gain along the fiber with a different cavity.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Spectral gain versus cavity length.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Spectral gain under different pump power.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

Spectral gain and NF of the amplifier with different Tm 3+ concentration.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.

Spectral gain versus reflectivity of a laser cavity at 1050 nm.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.

Spectral gain and NF of two different lasing wavelengths: 1050 and1064 nm.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9.

Gain and NF of codoped amplifier and TDFA pumped by an Yb3+ doped fiber laser.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Parameters Used for the Numerical Simulations

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Equations (15)

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d N TI d t = N T 2 A T 21 nr + N T 3 ( W T 31 + A T 31 r ) − K YT 2 N T 1 N Y 1 − N T 1 ( W T 13 + W T 14 + A T 10 r )
d N T 2 d t = N T 0 W T 02 − N T 2 A T 21 nr + N T 5 A T 52 r + K YT 1 N T 0 N Y 1
d N T 3 d t = N T 1 W T 13 + N T 4 A T 43 nr − N T 3 ( W T 31 + W T 35 + A T 30 r )
d N T 4 d t = N T 1 W T 14 − N T 4 A T 43 nr + K YT 2 N T 1 N Y 1
d N T 5 d t = N T 3 W T 35 − N T 5 ( A T 5 0 r + A T 5 2 r )
N T = N T 0 + N T 1 + N T 2 + N T 3 + N T 4 + N T 5
d N Y 1 d t = N Y 0 W Y 01 − N Y 0 W Y 10 − K YT 1 N T 0 N Y 1 − K YT 2 N T 1 N Y 1 − N Y 1 ⁄ τ 1
N Y = N Y 0 + N Y 1 .
W ij ( z ) = ∫ 0 ∞ λ Γ ( λ ) σ ij ( P λ + ( z , λ ) + P λ − ( z , λ ) ) h c π b 2 d λ
Γ ( λ ) = ∫ 0 ∞ ∣ E ( r , φ , λ ) ∣ 2 N ( r ) r d r N Tm ∫ 0 ∞ ∣ E ( r , φ , λ ) ∣ 2 r d r
d P ± ( λ ) d z = Γ ( λ ) P ± ( λ ) ∑ ij ( N i σ ij ( λ ) − N j σ ji ( λ ) ) ± Γ ( λ ) ∑ ij 2 h ν ij Δ ν N i σ ij ( λ ) ∓ α P ± ( λ )
P pump ( z = 0 ) = P 0 ,
P s ( 0 ) = P s ,
P laser , + + ( z = 0 ) = R 1 P laser − ( z = 0 ) ,
P laser − ( z = L ) = R 2 P laser + ( z = L ) .

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