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A low cost adaptive optics system using a membrane mirror

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Abstract

A low cost adaptive optics system constructed almost entirely of commercially available components is presented. The system uses a 37 actuator membrane mirror and operates at frame rates up to 800 Hz using a single processor. Numerical modelling of the membrane mirror is used to optimize parameters of the system. The dynamic performance of the system is investigated in detail using a diffractive wavefront generator based on a ferroelectric spatial light modulator. This is used to produce wavefronts with time-varying aberrations. The ability of the system to correct for Kolmogorov turbulence with different strengths and effective wind speeds is measured experimentally using the wavefront generator.

©2000 Optical Society of America

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Figures (10)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the adaptive optical system
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Data flow for the adaptive optical system
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Singular values of the membrane mirror influence matrix
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Two modes of the membrane mirror corresponding to the largest (mode 1) and smallest (mode 37) singular values.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Singular values of the membrane mirror influence matrix weighted for Kolmogorov statistics
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Mean Strehl, S=exp(-σ 2), correcting for Kolmogorov turbulence using the membrane mirror. (Monte Carlo with λ=633 nm, maximum actuator voltage V max=200V, maximum membrane deflection was 7.5 µm with all electrodes set to V max).
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Video showing the output image with the adaptive optics system correcting for turbulence with D/r 0=6 and v/r 0=25Hz (nominal). (1.89Mb movie)
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Plot of Strehl ratio v. number of spatial modes. [Exposure time 4 seconds, D/r 0=6, v/r 0=25Hz (nominal)]
Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Experimental performance of the AO system for quasi-Kolmogorov turbulence of different strengths and wind speeds. (g=-0.52, frame rate=800 s-1, 24 spatial correction modes)
Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. The ratio of the measured wavefront sensor signal variances for the AO system off and on for sinusoidally varying input signals.

Equations (9)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

2 z ( x , y ) = P ( x , y ) T = ε 0 V 2 T d 2 ,
ϕ m = A m x m ,
x 0 = A m 1 ϕ 0 ,
A m 1 = V S 1 U T ,
C 1 2 ϕ = ( C 1 2 A m ) x
ϕ e = A m L ( A m 1 ϕ 0 ) ϕ 0
L ( x ) = { x x x max x max x x x > x max
σ e 2 = ϕ e 2 = ϕ e T ϕ e
x n = ( 1 β ) x n 1 + g Ms n
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