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Emission and absorption cross section of thulium doped silica fibers

Søren Dyøe Agger and Jørn Hedegaard Povlsen

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Abstract

A thorough investigation of the emission and absorption spectra of the (3 F 4,3 H 6) band in thulium doped silica fibers has been performed. All the basic parameters of thulium in silica have been extracted with the purpose of further analysis in laser and amplifier simulations. The experimental methods used to obtain the scaled cross sections have been carefully selected in order to avoid problems associated with calibrated measurements and knowledge of the radiative lifetime. The values of the absorption cross sections agree well with previously reported values, however the peak emission to peak absorption cross section ratios are found to be significantly below 1. Also confinement factors and thulium concentrations are estimated from the results.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Fluorescence decay from a 2 mm long fiber (Tm1) excited by a step pump power at λp = 786 nm along with a fitted double exponential.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Fluorescence levels generated by pumping at λp = 786 nm (blue +) and 1600 nm (black o) with the individual saturation levels indicated. Also shown are the fitting curves. The fiber is 2 mm of Tm1.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Absorption cross section of the Tm1 and Tm2 fiber.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Absorption- and emission cross section of the Tm1-fiber.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Absorption- and emission cross section of the Tm2-fiber.

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Tables (1)

Tables Icon

Table 1. Spectroscopic parameters for Tm3+ doped silica for the (3 F 4,3 H 6) transition found in this work along with previously reported values. Values in small italic are estimated from relevant data or graphs in the references.

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Equations (11)

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1 τ fl = 1 τ r + 1 τ nr .
x ( r ) = N 2 ( r ) N 1 ( r ) + N 2 ( r ) = σ ap n p ϕ p 2 ( r ) σ ap n p ϕ p 2 ( r ) ( η p + 1 ) + 1 τ fl ,
d n s dz = 2 π ∫ 0 ∞ ρ ( r ) { [ x ( r ) σ es − ( 1 − x ( r ) ) σ as ] n s ϕ s 2 ( r )
+ 2 x ( r ) σ es } rdr ,
Γ = 2 π ∫ 0 ∞ Δ n max ( Δ n ) ϕ n 2 rdr ,
d n s dz = ρ 0 Γ [ ( x σ es − ( 1 − x σ as ) ) n s + 2 x σ es ] ,
σ a ( λ ) = σ a ( λ p ) GSA ( λ ) GSA ( λ p ) Γ ( λ p ) Γ ( λ ) ,
σ g = ln n s ( L ) n s ( 0 ) < x 1 > − ln n s ( L ) n s ( 0 ) < x 2 > = GSA ( η s + 1 ) < Δ x > ,
σ es = σ a ( λ ′ ) ( η ( λ ′ ) + 1 ) σ g ( λ ) σ g ( λ ′ ) − σ a ( λ )
1 τ r = 8 π n 2 c ∫ σ e λ 4 d λ ,
ρ 0 = GSA σ a Γ
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