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Feedback control of ultra-high-Q microcavities: application to micro-Raman lasers and micro-parametric oscillators

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Abstract

We demonstrate locking of an on-chip, high-Q toroidal-cavity to a pump laser using two, distinct methods: coupled power stabilization and wavelength locking of pump laser to the microcavity. In addition to improvements in operation of previously demonstrated micro-Raman and micro-OPO lasers, these techniques have enabled observation of a continuous, cascaded nonlinear process in which photons generated by optical parametric oscillations (OPO) function as a pump for Raman lasing. Dynamical behavior of the feedback control systems is also shown including the interplay between the control loop and the thermal nonlinearity. The demonstrated stabilization loop is essential for studying generation of nonclassical states using a microcavity optical parametric oscillator.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Pound-Drever error measurement system. (b) Parameters measured and calculated during scan of pump wavelength: Upper panel: pump wavelength (green trace), calculated cavity resonance wavelength (blue trace) and mode-volume temperature shift (blue trace, right ordinates). Middle panel: measured and calculated transmission (blue, and black respectively). Bottom panel: measured Pound-Drever error signal (red). The experimental parameters are: Q=2 10^7, λ 0=1545nm, pump power of P=1.8mW and local oscillator RF frequency of 300 MHz. Tunable diode laser (New Focus, Velocity) was used as a pump. Pump linewidth is 300kHz which is ~300 times narrower than cavity linewidth.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Wavelength locking system incorporating Pound-Drever assembly. (a) Experimental setup. (b) System recovers from perturbation in the regime of thermal instability. The measured- transmission (upper panel), error (middle panel) and applied correction (lower panel) versus time are presented. Parameters are as in Fig. 1. Controller Integration time is 50 ms. Repeating the same experiment with faster (slower) integration time reveals faster (slower) relock events.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Cavity transmission versus time showing Pound-Drever locked cavity (black) in comparison with unlocked cavity (red and blue). Transmission of the unlocked system fluctuates (red) when pump wavelength and cavity resonance drift relative to each other. Coupling to resonance is lost (blue) when pump wavelength exceeds the thermally drifted cavity resonance. (b) Spectral analysis of locked and unlocked transmission data. The wavelength locking system incorporating Pound-Drever assembly is shown in Fig. 2(a). Integration time of the PID controller is 20ms ; cavity optical quality is Q=107, pump power is 200µW.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Power locked cavity: (a) Experimental system, (b) parametric oscillation and Raman laser spectra as a function of the coupled power. (c) L-L curve for the total output power of the combined effect (Raman peaks + parametric oscillation’s signal + idler). Line here is a fit to model. Inset: Similar L-L curves but for Raman, parametric oscillation signal, and parametric oscillation idler separately. Lines here are a guide to the eye..
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