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Waveguide writing in fused silica with a femtosecond fiber laser at 522 nm and 1 MHz repetition rate

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Abstract

We report on waveguide writing in fused silica with a novel commercial femtosecond fiber laser system (IMRA America, FCPA µJewel). The influence of a range of laser parameters were investigated in these initial experiments, including repetition rate, focal area, pulse energy, scan speed, and wavelength. Notably, it was not possible to produce low-loss waveguides when writing with the fundamental wavelength of 1045 nm. However, it was possible to fabricate telecom-compatible waveguides at the second harmonic wavelength of 522 nm. High quality waveguides with propagation losses below 1 dB/cm at 1550 nm were produced with 115 nJ/pulse at 1 MHz and 522 nm.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic arrangement for ultrafast laser writing of buried waveguides: TM — turning mirror; HWP - λ/2 waveplate at 1064 nm; L1 - 150 mm focal length lens; L2 - 100 mm focal length lens; PBS - polarizing beam splitter; ND - variable neutral density filter; TM - 1064 nm and 532 nm 45° turning mirror.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Optical microscope image of waveguides written in fused silica with 522-nm wavelength.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Near-field mode profiles of 522-nm laser-written waveguides (115 nJ/pulse). Scan speed and MFD are indicated. The writing beam was incident from the right.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Plot of insertion loss vs. sample lengths for waveguide written at different scan speeds. Linear fit equations give propagation loss in dB/cm (slope) and coupling loss in dB (y-intercept).

Tables (1)

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Table 1. Laser exposure conditions tested for waveguide writing in fused silica

Equations (1)

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NF = 2 w 0 F p R v s
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