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Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness map determined from optical coherence tomography images

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Abstract

We introduce a method to determine the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in OCT images based on anisotropic noise suppression and deformable splines. Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) data was acquired at 29 kHz A-line rate with a depth resolution of 2.6 μm and a depth range of 1.6 mm. Areas of 9.6×6.4 mm2 and 6.4×6.4 mm2 were acquired in approximately 6 seconds. The deformable spline algorithm determined the vitreous-RNFL and RNFL-ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer boundary, respectively, based on changes in the reflectivity, resulting in a quantitative estimation of the RNFL thickness. The thickness map was combined with an integrated reflectance map of the retina and a typical OCT movie to facilitate clinical interpretation of the OCT data. Large area maps of RNFL thickness will permit better longitudinal evaluation of RNFL thinning in glaucoma.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (8)

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Intermediate steps in finding the RNFL thickness. (a) binary edge image obtained from the gradient magnitude of the retinal cross-section; (b) AB - red line, obtained from the multiresolution deformable spline; (c) smoothed field f; (d) edge field s calculated as the rescaled (between 0 and 1) magnitude of the image gradient; (e) binary intensity mask obtained using mean(f) - std(f) as threshold; (f) mean RPE (red dots) estimated between the blue dots and filtered mean RPE (black line) for identifying the blood vessels’ position; (g) dilated and eroded edge field in the interest area; (h) thinned edge field without vertical edges and with only positive edges; (i) initial guess of PB (red dots) and its filtered version; (j) valid A-lines after the deformable spline algorithm; (k) interpolated and median filtered PB; l) retinal cross-section with RNFL boundaries, AB - red line, PB - blue line.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Movie of the OCT scan showing the anterior (red) and posterior (blue) boundary of the RNFL a) including the ONH and the fovea (1.99 MB), and b) centered on the foveal pit (2.39 MB). The movies consist of 170 (a) and 180 (b) frames, respectively, displayed in a reversed-contrast logarithmic gray-scale at 30 fps. Each frame has a size of 8.85×1.2 mm2 (a) and 6.07×0.786 mm2 (b), respectively. The vertical size was increased by a factor of 4.65. (14.4 MB version (a) and 14.5 MB version (b))
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Fundus image (left), and integrated reflectance image (right) for the same eye. The size of the image is 8.85×5.73 mm2.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Angiogram (left) and integrated reflectance image (right) for the same eye. The size of the image is 6.07×5.76 mm2.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. RNFL thickness map. The dark blue areas correspond to the ONH (right) and fovea (left), and indicate no RNFL thickness. The dark red areas indicate a maximum thickness of 177 μm. The color bar is scaled in microns.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Movie (1.91 MB) with combined integrated reflectance map (top left), RNFL thickness map (bottom left), and retinal cross-sectional images corrected for motion artifacts (11 MB version). The color scheme for the RNFL thickness map is scaled in microns, dark blue meaning no thickness, and dark red being a maximum of 177 μm, as shown in Fig. 5. The movie consists of 170 frames displayed at 30 fps. Each map has a size of 8.85×5.73 mm2. The vertical size of the cross-sectional images (1.2 mm) was increased by a factor of 4.65.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Movie (1.33 MB) with combined integrated reflectance map (top left), RNFL thickness map (bottom left), and retinal cross-sectional images corrected for motion artifacts (7.33 MB version). The color map for the RNFL thickness map is scaled in microns, dark blue meaning no thickness, and dark red being 105 μm. The movie consists of 180 frames displayed at 30 fps. Each map has a size of 6.07×5.76 mm2. The vertical size of the cross-sectional images (0.786 mm) was increased by a factor of 4.65.

Equations (1)

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E f s = ( β f g 1 + α ( 1 s ) 2 f 1 + ρ 2 S 2 2 + 1 ρ s 2 ) dA
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