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Tuning of photonic bandgaps by a field-induced structural change of fractal metamaterials

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Abstract

Bandgaps of a structure with electrorheological fluids sandwiched between planar metallic fractal electrodes are investigated in the microwave regime. Our results show that bandgaps are tunable as a result of the electrorheological effect induced by the external electric field applied directly to the structure. A finite-difference time-domain simulation reveals that the tunability of bandgaps is not related to the average dielectric constant but is caused by the field-induced structural change in the electrorheological fluids.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic illustrations of the ER-fluid-sandwiched structure without the external E field (left) and with it (right), where the gap between two PCB is exaggerated for a better view.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Measured and calculated normal transmissions of the ER-fluid-sandwiched structure under (a) parallel and (b) perpendicular polarizations for three cases: without the ER fluid (the black curve), with the ER fluid but no voltage supply (the red curve), and with both the ER fluid and the voltage supply (the blue curve). The microwave was incident with its E field parallel and perpendicular to the first-level line of the H-fractal.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Intensity distribution of the dynamic E field inside the cell after triggering the ER effect, simulated for the 4.45GHz stop band. The magenta denotes the strongest field and the blue denotes zero. The closed white contour traces out the nanoparticle assembly.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Maximum rejection positions of the stop band corresponding to the various permittivity values of the oil and the nanoparticle assembly. Squares denote the result of changing the oil’s permittivity while keeping the assembly’s permittivity at 4.3; stars denote the result of changing the latter while keeping the oil’s permittivity at 2.5.
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