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Holey fiber tapers with resonance transmission for high-resolution refractive index sensing

Vladimir P. Minkovich, Joel Villatoro, David Monzón-Hernández, Sergio Calixto, Alexander B. Sotsky, and Ludmila I. Sotskaya

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Abstract

The use of large-mode-area tapered holey fibers with collapsed air holes for refractive index sensing is demonstrated. The collapsing of the holes is achieved by tapering the fibers with a “slow-and-hot” method. This non adiabatic process makes the core mode to couple to multiple modes of the solid taper waist. Owing to the beating between the modes the transmission spectra of the tapered holey fibers exhibit several interference peaks. They shift remarkable to longer wavelengths as the external index increases. The multiple peaks, combined with a fitting algorithm, may allow high-accuracy refractometric measurements which can be used for diverse applications.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (3)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Image of the cross section of an untapered HF used in our experiments (left) and illustration of a uniform-waist tapered HF (right). L0 is the length of the uniform waist and ρ is the taper waist diameter. The outer diameter of the fiber was 125 μm and the relative hole diameter d/Λ = 0.5.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. AFM images of three tapered HFs with waist diameters of 50 μm (a), 39 μm (b), and 31 μm (c). The scan sizes of the AFM images are, respectively, 13.3, 11.9, and 3.8 μm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Transmission spectra (left) and position of the maxima of the peak or peaks (right) as a function of the external refractive index of three tapered HFs with ρ = 39 (top plots), 31 (middle plots) and 20 μm (bottom plots). The peaks are numbered to show the shift they suffered when the external index changes.

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