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Four-wave mixing in silicon wire waveguides

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Abstract

We report the observation of four-wave mixing phenomenon in a simple silicon wire waveguide at the optical powers normally employed in communications systems. The maximum conversion efficiency is about -35 dB in the case of a 1.58-cm-long silicon wire waveguide. The nonlinear refractive index coefficient is found to be 9×10-18 m2/W. This value is not negligible for dense wavelength division multiplexing components, because it predicts the possibility of large crosstalk. On the other hand, with longer waveguide lengths with smaller propagation loss, it would be possible to utilize just a simple silicon wire for practical wavelength conversion. We demonstrate the wavelength conversion for data rate of 10-Gbps using a 5.8-cm-long silicon wire. These characteristics are attributed to the extremely small core of silicon wire waveguides.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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Figures (10)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Cross-sectional structure of a Si wire WG.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental setup.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Input and output spectra for a 1.58-cm-long Si wire WG.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Conversion efficiency as a function of pump power. The dots are the measured points and the solid line is a fit.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Detuning characteristics of FWM for Si wire WGs.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Nonlinear phase shift for Si wire WGs. The dots are the measured points and the solid line is a fit.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Enhancement by ring resonator.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Output spectrum for a 5.8-cm-long Si wire WG. Right: enlarged view of the phase conjugated light.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Waveforms for 100-ps pulse trains. Left: input pump light. Right: converted signal.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Estimated crosstalk/conversion efficiency caused by FWM in Si wire WGs

Equations (5)

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L coh = 2 π Δ k
Δ k = d n g d ω ( Δ ω ) 2 c ,
n 2 = A eff c 2 ω 0 L eff P φ ,
I 0 I 1 = J 0 2 ( φ 2 ) + J 1 2 ( φ 2 ) J 1 2 ( φ 2 ) + J 2 2 ( φ 2 ) ,
A eff = ( + + E ( x , y ) 2 dxdy ) 2 + + E ( x , y ) 4 dxdy ,
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