Abstract

We report the first demonstration that carbon nanotubes can be trapped and manipulated by optical tweezers. This observation is surprising because individual nanotubes are substantially smaller than the wavelength of light, and thus should not be amenable to optical trapping. Even so, nanotube bundles, and perhaps even individual nanotubes, can be transported at high speeds, deposited onto substrates, untangled, and selectively ablated, all with visible light. The use of holographic optical tweezers, capable of creating hundreds of independent traps simultaneously, suggests opportunities for highly parallel nanotube processing with light.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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  1. L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. E. R. Dufresne and D. G. Grier, “Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optical elements,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 69, 1974–1977 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  3. J. E. Curtis, B. A. Koss, and D. G. Grier, “Dynamic holographic optical tweezers,” Opt. Comm. 207, 169–175 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  4. D. G. Grier, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature 424, 810–816 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  6. Z. Yu and L. Brus, “Rayleigh and Raman scattering from individual carbon nanotube bundles,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 1123–1135 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  7. A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, J. E. Bjorkholm, and S. Chu, “Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles,” Opt. Lett. 11, 288–290 (1986).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. H. He, M. E. J. Friese, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826–829 (1995).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. N. B. Simpson, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, “Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre-Gaussian modes,” J. Mod. Opt. 43, 2485–2491 (1996).
    [Crossref]
  10. K. T. Gahagan and G. A. Swartzlander, “Optical vortex trapping of particles,” Opt. Lett. 21, 827–829 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. P. Král and H. R. Sadeghpour, “Laser spinning of nanotubes: A path to fast-rotating microdevices,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 161,401 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  12. A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, and T. Yamane, “Optical trapping and manipulation of single cells using infrared-laser beams,” Nature 330, 608–609 (1987).
    [Crossref]
  13. M. W. Berns, H. Liang, W. H. Wright, and I. A. Vorobjev, “Manipulation of chromosomes with optical scissors and tweezers,” Molecular Biology of the Cell 3, A345 (1992).
  14. K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  15. F. C. Cheong, K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, and C. K. Ong, “Large area patterned arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes via laser trimming,” Nanotechnology 14, 433–437 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  16. L. A. Nagahara, I. Amlani, J. Lewenstein, and R. K. Tsui, “Directed placement of suspended carbon nanotubes for nanometer-scale assembly,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3826–3828 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  17. J. Suehiro, G. B. Zhou, and M. Hara, “Fabrication of a carbon nanotube-based gas sensor using dielectrophoresis and its application for ammonia detection by impedance spectroscopy,” J. Phys. D 36, L109–L114 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  18. P. T. Korda, M. B. Taylor, and D. G. Grier, “Kinetically locked-in colloidal transport in an array of optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 128301 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. K. Ladavac, K. Kasza, and D. G. Grier, “Sorting by periodic potential energy landscapes: Optical fractionation,” cond-mat/0310396.

2003 (5)

L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
[Crossref]

D. G. Grier, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature 424, 810–816 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Suehiro, G. B. Zhou, and M. Hara, “Fabrication of a carbon nanotube-based gas sensor using dielectrophoresis and its application for ammonia detection by impedance spectroscopy,” J. Phys. D 36, L109–L114 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. C. Cheong, K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, and C. K. Ong, “Large area patterned arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes via laser trimming,” Nanotechnology 14, 433–437 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (5)

P. Král and H. R. Sadeghpour, “Laser spinning of nanotubes: A path to fast-rotating microdevices,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 161,401 (2002).
[Crossref]

P. T. Korda, M. B. Taylor, and D. G. Grier, “Kinetically locked-in colloidal transport in an array of optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 128301 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Curtis, B. A. Koss, and D. G. Grier, “Dynamic holographic optical tweezers,” Opt. Comm. 207, 169–175 (2002).
[Crossref]

L. A. Nagahara, I. Amlani, J. Lewenstein, and R. K. Tsui, “Directed placement of suspended carbon nanotubes for nanometer-scale assembly,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3826–3828 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

Z. Yu and L. Brus, “Rayleigh and Raman scattering from individual carbon nanotube bundles,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 1123–1135 (2001).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

E. R. Dufresne and D. G. Grier, “Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optical elements,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 69, 1974–1977 (1998).
[Crossref]

1996 (2)

N. B. Simpson, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, “Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre-Gaussian modes,” J. Mod. Opt. 43, 2485–2491 (1996).
[Crossref]

K. T. Gahagan and G. A. Swartzlander, “Optical vortex trapping of particles,” Opt. Lett. 21, 827–829 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1995 (1)

H. He, M. E. J. Friese, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826–829 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1992 (1)

M. W. Berns, H. Liang, W. H. Wright, and I. A. Vorobjev, “Manipulation of chromosomes with optical scissors and tweezers,” Molecular Biology of the Cell 3, A345 (1992).

1987 (1)

A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, and T. Yamane, “Optical trapping and manipulation of single cells using infrared-laser beams,” Nature 330, 608–609 (1987).
[Crossref]

1986 (1)

Allen, L.

N. B. Simpson, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, “Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre-Gaussian modes,” J. Mod. Opt. 43, 2485–2491 (1996).
[Crossref]

Amlani, I.

L. A. Nagahara, I. Amlani, J. Lewenstein, and R. K. Tsui, “Directed placement of suspended carbon nanotubes for nanometer-scale assembly,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3826–3828 (2002).
[Crossref]

Ashkin, A.

A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, and T. Yamane, “Optical trapping and manipulation of single cells using infrared-laser beams,” Nature 330, 608–609 (1987).
[Crossref]

A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, J. E. Bjorkholm, and S. Chu, “Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles,” Opt. Lett. 11, 288–290 (1986).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bachilo, S. M.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Berns, M. W.

M. W. Berns, H. Liang, W. H. Wright, and I. A. Vorobjev, “Manipulation of chromosomes with optical scissors and tweezers,” Molecular Biology of the Cell 3, A345 (1992).

Bjorkholm, J. E.

Boul, P. J.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Brus, L.

Z. Yu and L. Brus, “Rayleigh and Raman scattering from individual carbon nanotube bundles,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 1123–1135 (2001).
[Crossref]

Cheong, F. C.

K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. C. Cheong, K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, and C. K. Ong, “Large area patterned arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes via laser trimming,” Nanotechnology 14, 433–437 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chin, K. C.

K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chu, S.

Curtis, J. E.

J. E. Curtis, B. A. Koss, and D. G. Grier, “Dynamic holographic optical tweezers,” Opt. Comm. 207, 169–175 (2002).
[Crossref]

Dai, L.

L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dufresne, E. R.

E. R. Dufresne and D. G. Grier, “Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optical elements,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 69, 1974–1977 (1998).
[Crossref]

Dziedzic, J. M.

A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, and T. Yamane, “Optical trapping and manipulation of single cells using infrared-laser beams,” Nature 330, 608–609 (1987).
[Crossref]

A. Ashkin, J. M. Dziedzic, J. E. Bjorkholm, and S. Chu, “Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles,” Opt. Lett. 11, 288–290 (1986).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Friese, M. E. J.

H. He, M. E. J. Friese, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826–829 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gahagan, K. T.

Gong, X.

L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grier, D. G.

D. G. Grier, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature 424, 810–816 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Curtis, B. A. Koss, and D. G. Grier, “Dynamic holographic optical tweezers,” Opt. Comm. 207, 169–175 (2002).
[Crossref]

P. T. Korda, M. B. Taylor, and D. G. Grier, “Kinetically locked-in colloidal transport in an array of optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 128301 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. R. Dufresne and D. G. Grier, “Optical tweezer arrays and optical substrates created with diffractive optical elements,” Rev. Sci. Instr. 69, 1974–1977 (1998).
[Crossref]

K. Ladavac, K. Kasza, and D. G. Grier, “Sorting by periodic potential energy landscapes: Optical fractionation,” cond-mat/0310396.

Guo, Z.

L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hara, M.

J. Suehiro, G. B. Zhou, and M. Hara, “Fabrication of a carbon nanotube-based gas sensor using dielectrophoresis and its application for ammonia detection by impedance spectroscopy,” J. Phys. D 36, L109–L114 (2003).
[Crossref]

Haroz, E. H.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Hauge, R. H.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

He, H.

H. He, M. E. J. Friese, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826–829 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Heckenberg, N. R.

H. He, M. E. J. Friese, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826–829 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huffman, C. B.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kasza, K.

K. Ladavac, K. Kasza, and D. G. Grier, “Sorting by periodic potential energy landscapes: Optical fractionation,” cond-mat/0310396.

Kittrell, C.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Korda, P. T.

P. T. Korda, M. B. Taylor, and D. G. Grier, “Kinetically locked-in colloidal transport in an array of optical tweezers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 128301 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Koss, B. A.

J. E. Curtis, B. A. Koss, and D. G. Grier, “Dynamic holographic optical tweezers,” Opt. Comm. 207, 169–175 (2002).
[Crossref]

Král, P.

P. Král and H. R. Sadeghpour, “Laser spinning of nanotubes: A path to fast-rotating microdevices,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 161,401 (2002).
[Crossref]

Ladavac, K.

K. Ladavac, K. Kasza, and D. G. Grier, “Sorting by periodic potential energy landscapes: Optical fractionation,” cond-mat/0310396.

Lewenstein, J.

L. A. Nagahara, I. Amlani, J. Lewenstein, and R. K. Tsui, “Directed placement of suspended carbon nanotubes for nanometer-scale assembly,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3826–3828 (2002).
[Crossref]

Liang, H.

M. W. Berns, H. Liang, W. H. Wright, and I. A. Vorobjev, “Manipulation of chromosomes with optical scissors and tweezers,” Molecular Biology of the Cell 3, A345 (1992).

Lim, K. Y.

K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. C. Cheong, K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, and C. K. Ong, “Large area patterned arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes via laser trimming,” Nanotechnology 14, 433–437 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lin, J.

K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. C. Cheong, K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, and C. K. Ong, “Large area patterned arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes via laser trimming,” Nanotechnology 14, 433–437 (2003).
[Crossref]

Liu, L.

L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, Y.

L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. J. P.,

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Moore, V. C.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Nagahara, L. A.

L. A. Nagahara, I. Amlani, J. Lewenstein, and R. K. Tsui, “Directed placement of suspended carbon nanotubes for nanometer-scale assembly,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 3826–3828 (2002).
[Crossref]

Noon, W. H.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

O’Connell, M. J.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Ong, C. K.

F. C. Cheong, K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, and C. K. Ong, “Large area patterned arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes via laser trimming,” Nanotechnology 14, 433–437 (2003).
[Crossref]

Padgett, M. J.

N. B. Simpson, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, “Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre-Gaussian modes,” J. Mod. Opt. 43, 2485–2491 (1996).
[Crossref]

Patil, A.

L. Dai, A. Patil, X. Gong, Z. Guo, L. Liu, Y. Liu, and D. Zhu, “Aligned nanotubes,” ChemPhysChem 4, 1150–1169 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rialon, K. L.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.

H. He, M. E. J. Friese, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Direct observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 826–829 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sadeghpour, H. R.

P. Král and H. R. Sadeghpour, “Laser spinning of nanotubes: A path to fast-rotating microdevices,” Phys. Rev. B 65, 161,401 (2002).
[Crossref]

Shen, Z. X.

K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
[Crossref]

Simpson, N. B.

N. B. Simpson, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett, “Optical tweezers and optical spanners with Laguerre-Gaussian modes,” J. Mod. Opt. 43, 2485–2491 (1996).
[Crossref]

Smalley, R. E.

M. J. O’Connell, S. M. Bachilo, C. B. Huffman, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, K. L. Rialon, P. J. Boul, W. H. Noon, C. Kittrell, M. J. P., R. H. Hauge, R. B. Weisman, and R. E. Smalley, “Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes,” Science 297, 593–596 (2002).
[Crossref]

Sow, C. H.

K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, F. C. Cheong, Z. X. Shen, J. T. L. Thong, K. C. Chin, and A. T. S. Wee, “Laser pruning of carbon nanotubes as a route to static and movable structures,” Adv. Mater. 15, 300–303 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. C. Cheong, K. Y. Lim, C. H. Sow, J. Lin, and C. K. Ong, “Large area patterned arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes via laser trimming,” Nanotechnology 14, 433–437 (2003).
[Crossref]

Strano, M. S.

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Supplementary Material (1)

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Figures (1)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Images of carbon nanotubes processed with holographic optical tweezers. (a-c) A dispersion of SWNTs is gathered into an optical trap and translated through water at up to 100 μm/sec. Arrows in (c) indicate the direction of motion. A burst of intense illumination that saturates the CCD camera (d) deposits the nanotubes onto a substrate (e). (f) Repeating this process forms extended structures. (g-i) A single optical tweezer can extract a rope of nanotubes from a bundle. The arrows in (h) and (i) indicate the tweezer’s position. (j) and (k) show bundles of SWNTs trapped and spun by an optical vortex with helical pitch ℓ = 10. (l) Shows four geometric shapes simultaneously cut into bucky paper with four holographic optical tweezers. The square in this figure is 2.9 μm across and serves as a scale bar for the images (Movie 1.8 MB).

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