Supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber with two zero dispersion wavelengths

Karen Marie Hilligsøe; Thomas Vestergaard Andersen; Henrik Nørgaard Paulsen; Carsten Krogh Nielsen; Klaus Mølmer; Søren Keiding; Rene Kristiansen; Kim Per Hansen; Jakob Juul Larsen

doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.001045

Supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber with two zero dispersion wavelengths

Karen Marie Hilligsøe, Thomas Vestergaard Andersen, Henrik Nørgaard Paulsen, Carsten Krogh Nielsen, Klaus Mølmer, Søren Keiding, Rene Kristiansen, Kim Per Hansen, and Jakob Juul Larsen

Optics Express
Vol. 12,
Issue 6,
pp. 1045-1054
(2004)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OPEX.12.001045

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Karen Marie Hilligsøe, Thomas Vestergaard Andersen, Henrik Nørgaard Paulsen, Carsten Krogh Nielsen, Klaus Mølmer, Søren Keiding, Rene Kristiansen, Kim Per Hansen, and Jakob Juul Larsen, "Supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber with two zero dispersion wavelengths," Opt. Express 12, 1045-1054 (2004)

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Table of Contents Category
- Research Papers
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Nonlinear optics, fibers (060.4370)
- Ultrafast processes in fibers (060.7140)
- Nonlinear optics, four-wave mixing (190.4380)
- Pulse propagation and temporal solitons (190.5530)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: February 9, 2004
- Revised Manuscript: March 1, 2004
- Manuscript Accepted: March 10, 2004
- Published: March 22, 2004

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Open Access

Abstract

We demonstrate supercontinuum generation in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber with two closely lying zero dispersion wavelengths. The special dispersion of the fiber has a profound influence on the supercontinuum which is generated through self-phase modulation and phasematched four-wave mixing and not soliton fission as in the initial photonic crystal fibers. The supercontinuum has high spectral density and is extremely independent of the input pulse over a wide range of input pulse parameters. Simulations show that the supercontinuum can be compressed to ultrashort pulses.

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References

View by:
Article Order
|
Year
|
Author
|
Publication

P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Science 299, 358–362 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, “Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm,” Opt. Lett. 25, 25–27 (2000).
[Crossref]
S. T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]
H. N. Paulsen, K. M. Hilligsøe, J. Thøgersen, S. R. Keiding, and J. J. Larsen, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy with a photonic crystal fiber based light source,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1123–1125 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]
I. Hartl, X. D. Li, C. Chudoba, R. K. Ghanta, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, J. K. Ranka, and R. S. Windeler, “Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructured optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 26, 608–610 (2001).
[Crossref]
P. Petropoulos, T. M. Monro, W. Belardi, K. Furusawa, J. H. Lee, and D. J. Richardson, “2R regenerative all-optical switch based on a highly nonlinear holey fiber,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1233–1235 (2001).
[Crossref]
A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum Generation of Higher-Order Solitons by Fission in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 203901 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
X. Gu, M. Kimmel, A. P. Shreenath, R. Trebino, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, and R. S. Windeler, “Experimental studies of the coherence of microstructure-fiber supercontinuum,” Opt. Express 11, 2697–2703 (2003); http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-21-2697.
[Crossref] [PubMed]
G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd ed. (Academic Press, 2001).
S. Diddams and J.-C. Diels, “Dispersion measurements with white-light interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1120 (1996).
[Crossref]
J. M. Dudley, L. Provino, N. Grossard, H. Maillotte, R. S. Windeler, B. J. Eggleton, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in air-silica microstructured fibers with nanosecond and femtosecond pulse pumping,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 765–771 (2002).
[Crossref]
K. M. Hilligsøe, H. N. Paulsen, J. Thøgersen, S. R. Keiding, and J. J. Larsen, “Initial steps of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1887–1893 (2003).
[Crossref]
J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Experimental Evidence for Supercontinuum Generation by Fission of Higher-order Solitons in Photonic Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers made from highly nonlinear glasses,” Appl. Phys. B 77, 227–234 (2003).
[Crossref]
K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, B. R. Washburn, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental amplitude noise limitations to supercontinuum spectra generated in a microstructured fiber,” Appl. Phys. B. 77, 269–277 (2003).
[Crossref]
V. P. Yanovsky and F.W. Wise, “Nonlinear propagation of high-power, sub-100-fs pulses near the zero-dispersion wavelength of an optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 19, 1547–1549 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B. Hall, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, G. Boyer, M. Karlsson, and A. Berntson, “Pump-probe collision in the optical fibers: four-wave-mixing induced frequency jump,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 1652–1658 (2001).
[Crossref]
J. Squier and M. Müller, “High resolution nonlinear microscopy: A review of sources and methods for achieving optimal imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2855–2867 (2001).
[Crossref]

2003 (7)

S. T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

H. N. Paulsen, K. M. Hilligsøe, J. Thøgersen, S. R. Keiding, and J. J. Larsen, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy with a photonic crystal fiber based light source,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1123–1125 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Science 299, 358–362 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

X. Gu, M. Kimmel, A. P. Shreenath, R. Trebino, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, and R. S. Windeler, “Experimental studies of the coherence of microstructure-fiber supercontinuum,” Opt. Express 11, 2697–2703 (2003); http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-21-2697.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. M. Hilligsøe, H. N. Paulsen, J. Thøgersen, S. R. Keiding, and J. J. Larsen, “Initial steps of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1887–1893 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers made from highly nonlinear glasses,” Appl. Phys. B 77, 227–234 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. L. Corwin, N. R. Newbury, J. M. Dudley, S. Coen, S. A. Diddams, B. R. Washburn, K. Weber, and R. S. Windeler, “Fundamental amplitude noise limitations to supercontinuum spectra generated in a microstructured fiber,” Appl. Phys. B. 77, 269–277 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (3)

J. Herrmann, U. Griebner, N. Zhavoronkov, A. Husakou, D. Nickel, J. C. Knight, W. J. Wadsworth, and P. S. J. Russell, “Experimental Evidence for Supercontinuum Generation by Fission of Higher-order Solitons in Photonic Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 173901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. M. Dudley, L. Provino, N. Grossard, H. Maillotte, R. S. Windeler, B. J. Eggleton, and S. Coen, “Supercontinuum generation in air-silica microstructured fibers with nanosecond and femtosecond pulse pumping,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 765–771 (2002).
[Crossref]

V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (5)

I. Hartl, X. D. Li, C. Chudoba, R. K. Ghanta, T. H. Ko, J. G. Fujimoto, J. K. Ranka, and R. S. Windeler, “Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructured optical fiber,” Opt. Lett. 26, 608–610 (2001).
[Crossref]

P. Petropoulos, T. M. Monro, W. Belardi, K. Furusawa, J. H. Lee, and D. J. Richardson, “2R regenerative all-optical switch based on a highly nonlinear holey fiber,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1233–1235 (2001).
[Crossref]

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum Generation of Higher-Order Solitons by Fission in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 203901 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Hall, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, G. Boyer, M. Karlsson, and A. Berntson, “Pump-probe collision in the optical fibers: four-wave-mixing induced frequency jump,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 1652–1658 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Squier and M. Müller, “High resolution nonlinear microscopy: A review of sources and methods for achieving optimal imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2855–2867 (2001).
[Crossref]

Agrawal, G. P.

G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd ed. (Academic Press, 2001).

Anderson, D.

Belardi, W.

Berntson, A.

Boyer, G.

Chudoba, C.

Coen, S.

Corwin, K. L.

Cundiff, S. T.

S. T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

Diddams, S.

S. Diddams and J.-C. Diels, “Dispersion measurements with white-light interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1120 (1996).
[Crossref]

Diddams, S. A.

Diels, J.-C.

S. Diddams and J.-C. Diels, “Dispersion measurements with white-light interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1120 (1996).
[Crossref]

Dudley, J. M.

Eggleton, B. J.

Fujimoto, J. G.

Furusawa, K.

Ghanta, R. K.

Griebner, U.

Grossard, N.

Gu, X.

Hall, B.

Hartl, I.

Herrmann, J.

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers made from highly nonlinear glasses,” Appl. Phys. B 77, 227–234 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum Generation of Higher-Order Solitons by Fission in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 203901 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hilligsøe, K. M.

Husakou, A.

Husakou, A. V.

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers made from highly nonlinear glasses,” Appl. Phys. B 77, 227–234 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum Generation of Higher-Order Solitons by Fission in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 203901 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Johnson, E.

V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]

Karlsson, M.

Keiding, S. R.

Kimmel, M.

Knight, J. C.

Ko, T. H.

Larsen, J. J.

Lee, J. H.

Li, X. D.

Lisak, M.

Maillotte, H.

Monro, T. M.

Müller, M.

J. Squier and M. Müller, “High resolution nonlinear microscopy: A review of sources and methods for achieving optimal imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2855–2867 (2001).
[Crossref]

Nagarajan, V.

V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]

Newbury, N. R.

Nickel, D.

Parson, W.

V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]

Paulsen, H. N.

Petropoulos, P.

Provino, L.

Ranka, J. K.

J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, “Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm,” Opt. Lett. 25, 25–27 (2000).
[Crossref]

Richardson, D. J.

Russell, P. S. J.

P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Science 299, 358–362 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schellenberg, P.

V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]

Shreenath, A. P.

Squier, J.

J. Squier and M. Müller, “High resolution nonlinear microscopy: A review of sources and methods for achieving optimal imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2855–2867 (2001).
[Crossref]

Stentz, A. J.

J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, “Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm,” Opt. Lett. 25, 25–27 (2000).
[Crossref]

Thøgersen, J.

Trebino, R.

Wadsworth, W. J.

Washburn, B. R.

Weber, K.

Windeler, R.

V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]

Windeler, R. S.

J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, “Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm,” Opt. Lett. 25, 25–27 (2000).
[Crossref]

Wise, F.W.

Yanovsky, V. P.

Ye, J.

S. T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

Zhavoronkov, N.

Appl. Phys. B (1)

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fibers made from highly nonlinear glasses,” Appl. Phys. B 77, 227–234 (2003).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. B. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (4)

S. Diddams and J.-C. Diels, “Dispersion measurements with white-light interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13, 1120 (1996).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (5)

J. K. Ranka, R. S. Windeler, and A. J. Stentz, “Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm,” Opt. Lett. 25, 25–27 (2000).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

A. V. Husakou and J. Herrmann, “Supercontinuum Generation of Higher-Order Solitons by Fission in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 203901 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Mod. Phys. (1)

S. T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2)

V. Nagarajan, E. Johnson, P. Schellenberg, W. Parson, and R. Windeler, “A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 4145–4149 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Squier and M. Müller, “High resolution nonlinear microscopy: A review of sources and methods for achieving optimal imaging,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2855–2867 (2001).
[Crossref]

Science (1)

P. S. J. Russell, “Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Science 299, 358–362 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3rd ed. (Academic Press, 2001).

Supplementary Material (1)

» Media 1: MPG (381 KB)

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Fig. 1. A scanning electron micrograph image of the central region of the fiber cross section.

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Fig. 2. (a) Dispersion properties of the photonic crystal fiber with zero dispersion at 780 nm and 945 nm. (b) Phase-matching curves for four-wave mixing in the fiber. Full curve: phase-matching without power-dependent term. Dashed curve: phase-matching with an input power of 300 W.

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Fig. 3. (a) Experimental measurement of output spectra versus pulse energy for a 40 fs input pulse centered at 790 nm. (b) Theoretical simulation of the spectral evolution.

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Fig. 4. (a) Experimentally recorded output spectra 40 fs, λ₀=790 nm (black), 40 fs, λ₀=810 nm (red) and a 40 fs, λ₀=790 nm chirped to ~80 fs (blue). The pulse energy is 700 pJ for all pulses. (b) Simulated spectra for λ₀=790 nm (black), λ₀=700 nm (red) and λ₀=1000 nm (blue). For all pulses the energy is 700 pJ and they are 40 fs long. (c) Simulated spectra for 40 fs, 700 pJ (black), 20 fs, 350 pJ (red) and 160 fs, 2800 pJ (blue). For all pulses λ₀=790 nm. (d) Simulated spectra for an unchirped 40 fs pulse (black), upchirped to 80 fs (red) and downchirped to 80 fs (blue) pulses. For all pulses the energy is 700 pJ, λ₀=790 nm.

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Fig. 5. (a)-(f) Calculated spectrograms after propagation of (a) 0 cm, (b) 0.2 cm, (c) 0.5 cm, (d) 1 cm, (e) 2 cm and (f) 5 cm in the fiber for a 40 fs input pulse at 790 nm with a pulse energy of 700 pJ. The continuous development of the spectrogram during the 5 cm of propagation is illustrated in the corresponding movie “moviefig5.mpg” (size 0.4MB).

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Fig. 6. Spectrum (black) and phase (red) of the pulse after 5 cm for the 40 fs input pulse at 790 nm with a pulse energy of 700 pJ (also pictured in Fig. 5(f)). The phase of the pulse is well behaved and the visible peak in the spectrum can sustain a sub-10 fs pulse with λ₀=640 nm.

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Equations (5)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

β_{2} (ω) = \frac{d^{2} β (ω)}{d ω^{2}} .

Δ ω = ω_{S} + ω_{I} - 2 ω_{P} = 0,

Δ k = β (ω_{S}) + β (ω_{I}) - 2 β (ω_{P}) + Δ k_{NL} = 0 .

\frac{d A (z, t)}{dz} = \hat{D} A (z, t) + i γ (1 + \frac{i}{ω_{0}} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}) (A (z, t) \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} d t' R (t') {∣ A (z, t - t') ∣}^{2}),

S (z, t, ω) = \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} d t' e^{- i ω t'} e^{- {(t' - t)}^{2} ⁄ α^{2}} A (z, t'),

Abstract

References

2003 (7)

2002 (3)

2001 (5)

2000 (1)

1996 (1)

1994 (1)

Agrawal, G. P.

Anderson, D.

Belardi, W.

Berntson, A.

Boyer, G.

Chudoba, C.

Coen, S.

Corwin, K. L.

Cundiff, S. T.

Diddams, S.

Diddams, S. A.

Diels, J.-C.

Dudley, J. M.

Eggleton, B. J.

Fujimoto, J. G.

Furusawa, K.

Ghanta, R. K.

Griebner, U.

Grossard, N.

Gu, X.

Hall, B.

Hartl, I.

Herrmann, J.

Hilligsøe, K. M.

Husakou, A.

Husakou, A. V.

Johnson, E.

Karlsson, M.

Keiding, S. R.

Kimmel, M.

Knight, J. C.

Ko, T. H.

Larsen, J. J.

Lee, J. H.

Li, X. D.

Lisak, M.

Maillotte, H.

Monro, T. M.

Müller, M.

Nagarajan, V.

Newbury, N. R.

Nickel, D.

Parson, W.

Paulsen, H. N.

Petropoulos, P.

Provino, L.

Ranka, J. K.

Richardson, D. J.

Russell, P. S. J.

Schellenberg, P.

Shreenath, A. P.

Squier, J.

Stentz, A. J.

Thøgersen, J.

Trebino, R.

Wadsworth, W. J.

Washburn, B. R.

Weber, K.

Windeler, R.

Windeler, R. S.

Wise, F.W.

Yanovsky, V. P.

Ye, J.

Zhavoronkov, N.

Appl. Phys. B (1)

Appl. Phys. B. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (4)

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (5)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

Rev. Mod. Phys. (1)

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (2)