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Use of a genetic algorithm to optimize multistage erbium-doped fiber-amplifier systems with complex structures

Huai Wei, Zhi Tong, and Shuisheng Jian

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We propose optimizing multifunctional multistage erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with complex structures by use of a genetic algorithm. With this method, we investigated optimum configurations of C- and L-band gain-flattened multistage EDFAs containing gain-flattening filters and high-loss interstage elements for dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems in detail and compared the amplifiers with various kinds of configurations under different design criteria. With the guidance of optimization results, the roles of all the factors such as pumping schemes, pump-power allocation, component position, and insertion loss in the optimization of EDFAs have been studied, and useful guidelines for optimizations have been provided.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (17)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Comparison of simulated results with measurement results for C (a) and L-band (b) EDFA.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Structure of L-band EDFA.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Relationship between average gain (a) and fitness value (b) to L 1, L 2 for an L-band multistage EDFA.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Trace of the optimization.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Use GA method to assemble the components to form EDFAs with optimized structure (IO module is for L-band EDFA, and GFF is for C-band EDFA only)

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Some structures for C-band (a,b) and L-band (c,d) EDFA (input and output OI have not been included in the figure).

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Output optical spectra, gain and NF of the optimized C-band (a, c)(FB 980+1480nm pumped) and L-band (b, d) EDFA (FB dual-1480-nm pumped) with 12-dB interstage loss (NF<7).

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Average Gain for optimized C-band (a), and L-band EDFAs (b) with six kinds of pumping schemes.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Position of components and total EDF length for optimized (C-band 980+1480nm pumped EDFAs (a),(b) and 980+1480 nm pumped EDFAs (a, b) and L-band dual-1480-nm pumped EDFAs (c, d)].

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Inversion ratio for different kinds of pumping schemes.

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. Gain and NF profile for FB 980+1480 nm pumped and FB dual-1480-nm pumped EDFA (NF<7).

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Fig. 12.
Fig. 12. GFF for 980+1480 nm and dual-1480-nm pumping.

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Fig. 13.
Fig. 13. Average gain for optimized EDFA with fixed and adjustable pump power ratio [(a), C-band 980+1480 FB pumping scheme, (b) L-band 1480 + 1480 FB pumping scheme].

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Fig. 14.
Fig. 14. Output (a) gain and NF (b) for L-band EDFA with FB pumping scheme without unpumped EDF after the backward pump.

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Fig. 15.
Fig. 15. Gain for optimized EDFA with and with out insertion loss of components [(a) C-band 980+1480FB pumping scheme].

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Fig. 16.
Fig. 16. Average gain(a) and optimized position of components(b) for optimized C-band EDFA (980 nm + 1480 nm FF pumping scheme) with different DCM loss.

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Fig. 17.
Fig. 17. Average gain(a) and optimized position of components (b) for optimized L-band EDFA (1480 nm + 1480 nm FF pumping scheme) with different DCM loss.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1. Parameters of the EDF used in this paper.

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Table 2. Other parameters used in the optimizations.

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Equations (2)

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P ν R + ( z j ) = P ν L + ( z j ) F + ( ν ) , P ν L − ( z j ) = P ν R − ( z j ) F − ( ν ) .
f = − α 1 n f + α 2 G ave − α 3 u f ,
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