Abstract

In this study, a hollow optical waveguide with omni-directional reflectors in silicon-based materials was design, fabricated and characterized. By using dry etching technique, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for Si/SiO2 thin films and covering another wafer with omni-directional reflector together, the waveguides can be formed with an air core of 1.2mm×1.3mm. A uniform propagation loss of the waveguide to be around 1.7dB/cm for C+L band was found for the TE and TM modes. Polarization-independent hollow optical waveguides were obtained with the hollow waveguide structure.

© 2004 Optical Society of America

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References

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  • Publication
  1. E. Yablonovitch, “Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid state physics and electronics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059–2062 (1987)
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, “Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light,” Nature 386, 143–149 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  3. Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko, D. A. Yarotsky, and S. V. Gaponenko, “Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice,” Appl. Phys. A 68, 25–28 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  5. Y. Matsuura and J.A. Harrington, “Hollow glass waveguides with three-layer dielectric coating fabricated by chemical vapor deposition,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1255–1259 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  6. S. Campopiano, R. Bernini, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “Microfluidic sensor based based on integrated optical hollow waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1894–1896 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. T. Miura and F. Koyama, “Low-loss and polarization-Insensitive Semicondductor Hollow Waveguide with GaAs/AlAs Multi-Layer Mirrors,” J. Jap. Appl. Phys. 43, L21–L23 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  8. A. B. Fedotov, A. N. Naumov, D. A. Sidorov-Biryukov, N. V. Chigarev, A. M. Zheltikov, J. W. Haus, and R. B. Miles, “Photonic-bandgap planar hollow waveguide,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B,  19, 1162–1168 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  9. B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  10. Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  11. H. Y. Lee, H. Makino, and T. Yao, “Si-based omnidirectional reflector and transmission filter optimized at a wavelength of 1.55um,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4502–4504 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  12. C. C. Chen, P. G. Luan, J. Y. Chang, and H, W. Lee, “Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide,” The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003,  2, 610–615 (2003).
    [Crossref]

2004 (2)

S. Campopiano, R. Bernini, L. Zeni, and P. M. Sarro, “Microfluidic sensor based based on integrated optical hollow waveguide,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1894–1896 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Miura and F. Koyama, “Low-loss and polarization-Insensitive Semicondductor Hollow Waveguide with GaAs/AlAs Multi-Layer Mirrors,” J. Jap. Appl. Phys. 43, L21–L23 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (2)

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

C. C. Chen, P. G. Luan, J. Y. Chang, and H, W. Lee, “Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide,” The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003,  2, 610–615 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (2)

H. Y. Lee, H. Makino, and T. Yao, “Si-based omnidirectional reflector and transmission filter optimized at a wavelength of 1.55um,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4502–4504 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. B. Fedotov, A. N. Naumov, D. A. Sidorov-Biryukov, N. V. Chigarev, A. M. Zheltikov, J. W. Haus, and R. B. Miles, “Photonic-bandgap planar hollow waveguide,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B,  19, 1162–1168 (2002).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko, D. A. Yarotsky, and S. V. Gaponenko, “Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice,” Appl. Phys. A 68, 25–28 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1997 (3)

Y. Matsuura and J.A. Harrington, “Hollow glass waveguides with three-layer dielectric coating fabricated by chemical vapor deposition,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 14, 1255–1259 (1997).
[Crossref]

J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, “Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light,” Nature 386, 143–149 (1997).
[Crossref]

B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
[Crossref]

1987 (1)

E. Yablonovitch, “Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid state physics and electronics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059–2062 (1987)
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Benoit, G.

B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
[Crossref]

Bernini, R.

Campopiano, S.

Chang, J. Y.

C. C. Chen, P. G. Luan, J. Y. Chang, and H, W. Lee, “Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide,” The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003,  2, 610–615 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chen, C. C.

C. C. Chen, P. G. Luan, J. Y. Chang, and H, W. Lee, “Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide,” The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003,  2, 610–615 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chigarev, N. V.

Chigrin, D. N.

D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko, D. A. Yarotsky, and S. V. Gaponenko, “Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice,” Appl. Phys. A 68, 25–28 (1999).
[Crossref]

Chiping, C.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cho, C. O

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

Fan, S.

J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, “Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light,” Nature 386, 143–149 (1997).
[Crossref]

Fedotov, A. B.

Fink, Y.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
[Crossref]

Gaponenko, S. V.

D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko, D. A. Yarotsky, and S. V. Gaponenko, “Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice,” Appl. Phys. A 68, 25–28 (1999).
[Crossref]

Harrington, J.A.

Hart, S. D.

B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
[Crossref]

Haus, J. W.

Jeon, H.

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

Joannopoulos, J. D.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, “Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light,” Nature 386, 143–149 (1997).
[Crossref]

Joanopoulos, J. D.

B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
[Crossref]

Koyama, F.

T. Miura and F. Koyama, “Low-loss and polarization-Insensitive Semicondductor Hollow Waveguide with GaAs/AlAs Multi-Layer Mirrors,” J. Jap. Appl. Phys. 43, L21–L23 (2004).
[Crossref]

Lavrinenko, A. V.

D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko, D. A. Yarotsky, and S. V. Gaponenko, “Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice,” Appl. Phys. A 68, 25–28 (1999).
[Crossref]

Lee, H, W.

C. C. Chen, P. G. Luan, J. Y. Chang, and H, W. Lee, “Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide,” The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003,  2, 610–615 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lee, H. Y.

H. Y. Lee, H. Makino, and T. Yao, “Si-based omnidirectional reflector and transmission filter optimized at a wavelength of 1.55um,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4502–4504 (2002).
[Crossref]

Luan, P. G.

C. C. Chen, P. G. Luan, J. Y. Chang, and H, W. Lee, “Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide,” The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003,  2, 610–615 (2003).
[Crossref]

Makino, H.

H. Y. Lee, H. Makino, and T. Yao, “Si-based omnidirectional reflector and transmission filter optimized at a wavelength of 1.55um,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4502–4504 (2002).
[Crossref]

Matsuura, Y.

Michel, J.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Miles, R. B.

Miura, T.

T. Miura and F. Koyama, “Low-loss and polarization-Insensitive Semicondductor Hollow Waveguide with GaAs/AlAs Multi-Layer Mirrors,” J. Jap. Appl. Phys. 43, L21–L23 (2004).
[Crossref]

Naumov, A. N.

Park, Y.

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

Roh, Y. G.

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

Sarro, P. M.

Shanhui, F.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sidorov-Biryukov, D. A.

Sung, M. G.

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

Temelkuran, B.

B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
[Crossref]

Thomas, E. L.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Villeneuve, P. R.

J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, “Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light,” Nature 386, 143–149 (1997).
[Crossref]

Winn, J. N.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Woo, J. C.

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

Yablonovitch, E.

E. Yablonovitch, “Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid state physics and electronics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059–2062 (1987)
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yao, T.

H. Y. Lee, H. Makino, and T. Yao, “Si-based omnidirectional reflector and transmission filter optimized at a wavelength of 1.55um,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4502–4504 (2002).
[Crossref]

Yarotsky, D. A.

D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko, D. A. Yarotsky, and S. V. Gaponenko, “Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice,” Appl. Phys. A 68, 25–28 (1999).
[Crossref]

Zeni, L.

Zheltikov, A. M.

Appl. Phys. A (1)

D. N. Chigrin, A. V. Lavrinenko, D. A. Yarotsky, and S. V. Gaponenko, “Observation of total omnidirectional reflection from a one-dimensional dielectric lattice,” Appl. Phys. A 68, 25–28 (1999).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

Y. Park, Y. Park, Y. G. Roh, C. O Cho, H. Jeon, M. G. Sung, and J. C. Woo, “GaAs-based near-infrared omnidirectional reflector,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2770–2772 (2003).
[Crossref]

H. Y. Lee, H. Makino, and T. Yao, “Si-based omnidirectional reflector and transmission filter optimized at a wavelength of 1.55um,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4502–4504 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Jap. Appl. Phys. (1)

T. Miura and F. Koyama, “Low-loss and polarization-Insensitive Semicondductor Hollow Waveguide with GaAs/AlAs Multi-Layer Mirrors,” J. Jap. Appl. Phys. 43, L21–L23 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Nature (2)

B. Temelkuran, S. D. Hart, G. Benoit, J. D. Joanopoulos, and Y. Fink, “Wavelength-scalable hollow optical fibers with large photonic bandgaps for CO2 laser transmission,” Nature 420, 650–653 (1997).
[Crossref]

J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, “Photonic crystals: putting a new twist on light,” Nature 386, 143–149 (1997).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (1)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

E. Yablonovitch, “Inhibited spontaneous emission in solid state physics and electronics,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2059–2062 (1987)
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Science (1)

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, F. Shanhui, C. Chiping, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282, 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003 (1)

C. C. Chen, P. G. Luan, J. Y. Chang, and H, W. Lee, “Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide,” The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003,  2, 610–615 (2003).
[Crossref]

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Schematic structure of hollow waveguide with ODR

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Mode pattern of SHOW-ODR as (a) with well-bonded the ODRs and (b) with a 1µm gap between the ODRs.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

SEM micrograph of cross-section of SHOW-ODR.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

(a) Mode pattern of a conventional single mode fiber with a core diameter of 9µm.(b) Mode pattern of SHOW -ODR. The horizontal and vertical mode size is around 1.3µm and 1.4µm, respectively.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Propagation loss of SHOW-ODR for the TE and TM modes

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