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Bismuth glass holey fibers with high nonlinearity

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Abstract

We report on the progress of bismuth oxide glass holey fibers for nonlinear device applications. The use of micron-scale core diameters has resulted in a very high nonlinearity of 1100 W-1 km-1 at 1550 nm. The nonlinear performance of the fibers is evaluated in terms of a newly introduced figure-of-merit for nonlinear device applications. Anomalous dispersion at 1550 nm has been predicted and experimentally confirmed by soliton self-frequency shifting. In addition, we demonstrate the fusion-splicing of a bismuth holey fiber to silica fibers, which has resulted in reduced coupling loss and robust single mode guiding at 1550 nm.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) SEM image of HF #3 with 2.1 μm core and (b) predicted mode profile superimposed on the index profile of HF #1 with 2.7 μm core.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Measured propagation loss of the HFs made from three individual preforms, (b) measured nonlinear phase shift as a function of input power yielding γ = 1100 W-1 km-1 from the slope of the linear fit for HF #3 with 1.8 μm core, and (c) calculated nonlinearity for a bismuth glass air-suspended rod and measured fiber nonlinearities.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Raman soliton spectra at the output of 53cm of the 1.8 μm core HF with γ=1100 W-1 km-1 for different input pulse energies, (b) optical microscope image of bismuth HF to silica fiber splice and (c) IR image of the near field pattern of the connectorized HF.

Tables (1)

Tables Icon

Table 1. Fiber loss, effective nonlinear coefficient γ and effective fiber lengths at 1550 nm for highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted silica fiber (HN-DSF); for silica, lead silicate (SF57) and bismuth glass HFs and for conventional fibers (CFs) from bismuth glasses.

Equations (3)

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γ = ( 2 π λ ) × ( n 2 A eff ) .
Δφ ( 2 P in ) = γ × L eff ,
L eff = [ 1 exp ( α × L ) ] α
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