Three-dimensional bioluminescence tomography with model-based reconstruction

Xuejun Gu; Qizhi Zhang; Lyndon Larcom; Huabei Jiang

doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.003996

Abstract

A model-based image reconstruction method, bioluminescence tomography (BLT), is described. BLT has the potential to spatially resolve bioluminescence associated with gene expression in vivo, thus, offering a tomographic molecular imaging method. The three-dimensional spatial map of reporter genes is recovered using a diffusion equation model-based, finite element reconstruction algorithm. The imaging method is demonstrated using both numerical simulations and phantom experiments.

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References

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S. Bhaumik and S. Gambhir, “Optical imaging of Renilla luciferase reporter gene express in living mice,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 377–382 (2002).
[Crossref]
C. Contag and M. Bachmann, “Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene express,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 4, 235–260 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]
A. Yodh and B. Chance, “Spectroscopy and imgaing with diffusing light,” Phys. Today 48, 34–40 (1995).
[Crossref]
R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]
H. Jiang, K. Paulsen, U. Osterberg, B. Pogue, and M. Patterson, “Optical image reconstruction using frequency-domain data: simulations and experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 253–266 (1996).
[Crossref]
K. Paulsen and H. Jiang, “Spatially-varying optical property reconstruction using a finite element diffusion equation approximation,” Med. Phys. 22, 691–702 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
Y. Xu, X. Gu, T. Khan, and H. Jiang, “Absorption and scattering images of heterogeneous scattering media can be simultaneously reconstructed by use of dc data,” Appl. Opt. 41, 5427–5437 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
B.W. Rice, M. Cable, and M. Nelson, “In vivo imaging of light-emitting probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 432–440 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (4)

S. Bhaumik and S. Gambhir, “Optical imaging of Renilla luciferase reporter gene express in living mice,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 377–382 (2002).
[Crossref]

C. Contag and M. Bachmann, “Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene express,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 4, 235–260 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. Xu, X. Gu, T. Khan, and H. Jiang, “Absorption and scattering images of heterogeneous scattering media can be simultaneously reconstructed by use of dc data,” Appl. Opt. 41, 5427–5437 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

B.W. Rice, M. Cable, and M. Nelson, “In vivo imaging of light-emitting probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 432–440 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1996 (1)

H. Jiang, K. Paulsen, U. Osterberg, B. Pogue, and M. Patterson, “Optical image reconstruction using frequency-domain data: simulations and experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 253–266 (1996).
[Crossref]

1995 (2)

K. Paulsen and H. Jiang, “Spatially-varying optical property reconstruction using a finite element diffusion equation approximation,” Med. Phys. 22, 691–702 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Yodh and B. Chance, “Spectroscopy and imgaing with diffusing light,” Phys. Today 48, 34–40 (1995).
[Crossref]

1994 (1)

R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]

Bachmann, M.

C. Contag and M. Bachmann, “Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene express,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 4, 235–260 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bhaumik, S.

S. Bhaumik and S. Gambhir, “Optical imaging of Renilla luciferase reporter gene express in living mice,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 377–382 (2002).
[Crossref]

Cable, M.

B.W. Rice, M. Cable, and M. Nelson, “In vivo imaging of light-emitting probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 432–440 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chance, B.

A. Yodh and B. Chance, “Spectroscopy and imgaing with diffusing light,” Phys. Today 48, 34–40 (1995).
[Crossref]

Contag, C.

S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]

C. Contag and M. Bachmann, “Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene express,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 4, 235–260 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Edinger, M.

S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]

Feng, T.

R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]

Gambhir, S.

S. Bhaumik and S. Gambhir, “Optical imaging of Renilla luciferase reporter gene express in living mice,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 377–382 (2002).
[Crossref]

K. Paulsen and H. Jiang, “Spatially-varying optical property reconstruction using a finite element diffusion equation approximation,” Med. Phys. 22, 691–702 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Khan, T.

Y. Xu, X. Gu, T. Khan, and H. Jiang, “Absorption and scattering images of heterogeneous scattering media can be simultaneously reconstructed by use of dc data,” Appl. Opt. 41, 5427–5437 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mandl, S.

S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]

McAdams, M.

R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]

Negrin, R.

S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]

Nelson, M.

B.W. Rice, M. Cable, and M. Nelson, “In vivo imaging of light-emitting probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 432–440 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Osterberg, U.

H. Jiang, K. Paulsen, U. Osterberg, B. Pogue, and M. Patterson, “Optical image reconstruction using frequency-domain data: simulations and experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 253–266 (1996).
[Crossref]

Patterson, M.

H. Jiang, K. Paulsen, U. Osterberg, B. Pogue, and M. Patterson, “Optical image reconstruction using frequency-domain data: simulations and experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 253–266 (1996).
[Crossref]

Paulsen, K.

H. Jiang, K. Paulsen, U. Osterberg, B. Pogue, and M. Patterson, “Optical image reconstruction using frequency-domain data: simulations and experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 253–266 (1996).
[Crossref]

K. Paulsen and H. Jiang, “Spatially-varying optical property reconstruction using a finite element diffusion equation approximation,” Med. Phys. 22, 691–702 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pogue, B.

H. Jiang, K. Paulsen, U. Osterberg, B. Pogue, and M. Patterson, “Optical image reconstruction using frequency-domain data: simulations and experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 253–266 (1996).
[Crossref]

Rice, B.W.

B.W. Rice, M. Cable, and M. Nelson, “In vivo imaging of light-emitting probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 432–440 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schimmelpfennig, C.

S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]

Svaasand, L.

R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]

Tromberg, B.J.

R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]

Tsay, T.

R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]

Xu, Y.

Y. Xu, X. Gu, T. Khan, and H. Jiang, “Absorption and scattering images of heterogeneous scattering media can be simultaneously reconstructed by use of dc data,” Appl. Opt. 41, 5427–5437 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yodh, A.

A. Yodh and B. Chance, “Spectroscopy and imgaing with diffusing light,” Phys. Today 48, 34–40 (1995).
[Crossref]

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (1)

C. Contag and M. Bachmann, “Advances in in vivo bioluminescence imaging of gene express,” Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 4, 235–260 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Y. Xu, X. Gu, T. Khan, and H. Jiang, “Absorption and scattering images of heterogeneous scattering media can be simultaneously reconstructed by use of dc data,” Appl. Opt. 41, 5427–5437 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Biomed. Opt. (1)

B.W. Rice, M. Cable, and M. Nelson, “In vivo imaging of light-emitting probes,” J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 432–440 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. (1)

S. Mandl, C. Schimmelpfennig, M. Edinger, R. Negrin, and C. Contag, “Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging,” J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. 39, 239–248 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (2)

R. Haskell, L. Svaasand, T. Tsay, T. Feng, M. McAdams, and B.J. Tromberg, “Boundary conditions for the diffusion equation in radiative transfer,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2727–2741 (1994).
[Crossref]

H. Jiang, K. Paulsen, U. Osterberg, B. Pogue, and M. Patterson, “Optical image reconstruction using frequency-domain data: simulations and experiments,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 13, 253–266 (1996).
[Crossref]

Med. Phys. (1)

K. Paulsen and H. Jiang, “Spatially-varying optical property reconstruction using a finite element diffusion equation approximation,” Med. Phys. 22, 691–702 (1995).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Today (1)

A. Yodh and B. Chance, “Spectroscopy and imgaing with diffusing light,” Phys. Today 48, 34–40 (1995).
[Crossref]

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1)

S. Bhaumik and S. Gambhir, “Optical imaging of Renilla luciferase reporter gene express in living mice,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 377–382 (2002).
[Crossref]

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Fig 1.

Source distribution (S(x,y,z)) images reconstructed from 748 simulated measurement data: (a) Exact image of the single target. (b) Reconstructed image of the single target. (c) A cross sectional image of the single target at X=10mm. (d) Exact image of the two targets. (e) Reconstructed image of the two targets. (f) A cross sectional image at Z=10mm of the two targets. The axes illustrate the spatial scale, in

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Fig. 2.

Source distribution (S(x,y,z)) image of a single target reconstructed from 480 experimental data measured from the luciferase-luciferin containing phantom. (a) Exact image. (b) Reconstructed image. (c) A cross sectional image at X=10mm. The axes illustrate the spatial scale, in millimeters, whereas the color bar records the source coefficient (arbitrary units).

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Equations (5)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

\nabla \cdot D \nabla Φ (x, y, z) - μ_{a} Φ (x, y, z) = - S (x, y, z)

- D \nabla Φ . {\hat{i}}_{n} = α Φ

[A] {Φ} = {b}

[A] {\frac{\partial Φ}{\partial S}} = {\frac{\partial b}{\partial S}}

(ℑ^{T} ℑ + λ I) Δ S = ℑ^{T} (Φ^{(m)} - Φ^{(c)})

Abstract

References

2002 (4)

2001 (1)

1996 (1)

1995 (2)

1994 (1)

Bachmann, M.

Bhaumik, S.

Cable, M.

Chance, B.

Contag, C.

Edinger, M.

Feng, T.

Gambhir, S.

Gu, X.

Haskell, R.

Jiang, H.

Khan, T.

Mandl, S.

McAdams, M.

Negrin, R.

Nelson, M.

Osterberg, U.

Patterson, M.

Paulsen, K.

Pogue, B.

Rice, B.W.

Schimmelpfennig, C.

Svaasand, L.

Tromberg, B.J.

Tsay, T.

Xu, Y.

Yodh, A.

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (1)

Appl. Opt. (1)

J. Biomed. Opt. (1)

J. Cellular Biochem. Suppl. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (2)

Med. Phys. (1)

Phys. Today (1)

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1)

Cited By

Figures (2)

Equations (5)

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