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High-definition real-time depth-mapping TV camera: HDTV Axi-Vision Camera

Masahiro Kawakita, Keigo Iizuka, Haruhito Nakamura, Itaru Mizuno, Taiichirou Kurita, Tahito Aida, Yuko Yamanouchi, Hideki Mitsumine, Takashi Fukaya, Hiroshi Kikuchi, and Fumio Sato

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Abstract

We have developed a field-worthy, high-definition, real-time depth-mapping television camera called the HDTV Axi-Vision Camera. The camera can simultaneously capture both an ordinary HDTV color image and a depth image of objects on more than 1280×720 pixels at a frame rate of 29.97 Hz, or on 853×480 pixels at a frame rate of 59.94 Hz. The number of detectable pixels per unit time was increased by about 5 times that of the prototype camera by improving the sensitivity and resolution of the depth-mapping camera. Short video clips demonstrate how depth information from the camera can be used to create a virtual image in actual television program production.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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Supplementary Material (3)

Media 1: MOV (2496 KB)     
Media 2: MOV (2310 KB)     
Media 3: MOV (2428 KB)     

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Figures (12)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (2.4 MB) Video clip from the Japan Broadcasting Station (NHK) broadcast produced using the HDTV Axi-Vision Camera. The high-definition TV program is the “50th Anniversary: Today is the birthday of TV. Grand finale.” broadcast live from NHK. A moving computer graphic image was amalgamated in real time with an image of a singer using the depth information.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Principle of acquiring depth information by using intensity-modulated illumination and an ultra-fast camera shutter using an image intensifier.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Configuration of the HDTV Axi-Vision Camera.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Photograph of the HDTV Axi-Vision Camera.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Quantum efficiency of the photocathode of the image intensifier.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Transmittance of the dichroic prism and the optical filter.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. LED array units: (a) geometry, (b) spatial distribution of optical power.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Output image signal as a function of distance between the object and camera.

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Fig. 9.
Fig. 9. Depth resolution as a function of object distance.

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Fig. 10.
Fig. 10. Relationship between object reflectivity and depth resolution.

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Fig. 11.
Fig. 11. (2.5 MB) Video clip of depth-keying examples: (a) color image, (b) depth image, (c) objects in the furthest range only, (d) objects in the middle range only, (e) objects in the nearest range only.

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Fig. 12.
Fig. 12. (22.4 MB) Video clip of a virtual studio synthesized by combining live images with prerecorded scenes.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Specifications of the HDTV Axi-Vision Camera

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Equations (10)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

I + ( t s , d ) = σ ( 4 π d 2 ) 2 s ( t s − 2 d ν ) .
I − ( t s , d ) = σ ( 4 π d 2 ) 2 s [ T 2 − ( t s − 2 d ν ) ] ,
d = 1 2 ν [ t s − T 2 ( R 1 + R ) ] ,
R = I + I − .
d = λ 8 ( 1 − R 1 + R ) ,
n pe ¯ = η E A p τ ε m 2 ,
( S N ) pe = n pe ¯ σ pe = n pe ¯ = η E A p τ ε m 2 .
( S N ) phosphor = ( S N ) pe 1 N f = η E A p τ ε m 2 N f .
E ≈ ρ T L I 4 F N 2 S ∝ I d 2 ,
( S N ) phosphor ∝ η T L I A p τ d .
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