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Identifying hollow waveguide guidance in air-cored microstructured optical fibres

Nader A. Issa, Alexander Argyros, Martijn A. van Eijkelenborg, and Joseph Zagari

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

An analysis of leaky modes in real microstructured optical fibres fabricated specifically for photonic band gap guidance in an air core has been used to identify alternative guiding mechanisms. The supported leaky modes exhibit properties closely matching a simple hollow waveguide, uninfluenced by the surrounding microstructure. The analysis gives a quantitative determination of the wavelength dependent loss of these modes and illustrates a mechanism not photonic band gap in origin by which colouration can be observed in such fibres. These findings are demonstrated experimentally.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Two polymer (PMMA) fibres. (a) PBG MOF with a 17.5µm core diameter, hole diameters of 4.3µm±7% and hole spacings of 6µm±5%. (b) Hollow waveguide with a 22µm core diameter. The three pictures next to the fibres show the length dependent output when diffuse white light is launched into the core.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. A comparison of the measured transmission spectrum of two 13mm long pieces of air core MOF with the expected transmission for a hollow waveguide with equal diameter. The core diameters are (a) 17.5µm and (b) 48.0µm. The spectra have been normalised to a spectrum of the light source.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Numerical propagation characteristics for the MOF shown in the inset - a 6-fold symmetric idealization of the fibre in Fig. 1 (a), including the measured ellipticity of the first ring of holes. The intensity profile of the fundamental (HE11 like) leaky mode solution is superimposed to demonstrate the similarity with experimental observation. (a) The real part of n eff and (b) confinement loss are compared with the fundamental mode solution of the hollow waveguide model.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Transmission characteristics for hollow waveguides. (a) Mode dependent confinement loss of the 13 least lossy leaky modes and (b) overall transmission via all leaky modes for various fibre lengths. A colour bar indicates the visible spectrum range for the core diameter (D=17.5µm) of the MOF in Fig. 1 (a).

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