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Dispersion flattened hybrid-core nonlinear photonic crystal fiber

K. P. Hansen

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Photonic crystal fibers are highly attractive as nonlinear media as they combine a large nonlinear coefficient and a highly customizable zero dispersion wavelength - flexibility not found in any other medium. However, the high dispersion slope at the zero-dispersion wavelength demonstrated so far is very limiting to the useful bandwidth. We propose a new fiber design comprising a hybrid core-region with three-fold symmetry that enables unprecedented dispersion control while maintaining low loss and a high nonlinear coefficient. The lowest dispersion slope obtained is 1·10-3ps/(km·nm2) or one order of magnitude lower than for conventional slope reduced nonlinear fibers. The nonlinear coefficient is more than 11 (W·km)-1 and loss below 7.9 dB/km at 1.55 µm has been achieved.

©2003 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (Left) Microscope picture of the microstructured region of the fiber (Λ=1.5 µm). (Middle) The triangular core region comprises an up-doped center element (red) surrounded by three down-doped regions (blue) and three holes. (Right) Near field measured at 1.55 µm on logarithmic scale. The mode field diameter is approximately 3.5 µm.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. The dispersion slope can be tuned while maintaining a fixed zero-dispersion wavelength (simulated data). The relative hole-size is varied from 0.56 to 0.44 and the pitch from 1.24 to 1.61 µm. Insert shows the balance between material and waveguide dispersion for a fiber with zero dispersion slope at 1.55 µm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Measured dispersion of a range of fibers with d/Λ=0.5 and pitch in the range 1.34 – 1.47 µm. The choice of pitch determines the dispersion level or zero-dispersion wavelength

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Measured dispersion of four fibers with hole-sizes in the range 0.47 – 0.50 µm and pitch of 1.48 – 1.51 µm. The choice of structural parameters enables tuning of the slope from -3·10-2 to +1·10-2 ps/(km·nm2).

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Dispersion curve of an ultra slope reduced fiber. The dispersion variation is within 1 ps/(km·nm) in the range 1465–1655 nm. The fiber is equivalent in structure to Fiber 3 in Fig. 4.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Relation between slope and nonlinear coefficient expressed by the relative hole-size. The points indicate the fabricated flat slope fiber shown in Fig. 5.

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