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Fluorescence lifetime tomography of turbid media based on an oxygen-sensitive dye

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Abstract

We present for the first time experimental images of fluorescence lifetime distribution using model-based reconstruction. The lifetime distribution in our phantom experiments was realized through using an oxygen-sensitive dye [Sn(IV)Chlorin-e6-Cl2-3Na (SCCN)] whose lifetime varied with the oxygen concentration provided in the target and background media. The fluorescence tomographic data was obtained using our multi-channel frequency-domain system. Spatial maps of fluorescence lifetime were achieved with a finite element based reconstruction algorithm.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) and (b) Experimental geometries under study, with an off-centered target 7mm away from the boundary (a) and an off-centered target 9 mm away from the boundary (b). (c) Gas delivery system.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a) Reconstructed lifetime image with lowered oxygen content in the target (3 o’clock). The axes (left and bottom) illustrate the spatial scale, in millimeters, whereas the color scale (right) records the fluorescence lifetime, in nanoseconds. (b) Lifetime profile along a horizontal cut line through the centers of both the target and background.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Reconstructed lifetime image with lowered oxygen content in the target (12 o’clock). The axes (left and bottom) illustrate the spatial scale, in millimeters, whereas the color scale (right) records the fluorescence lifetime, in nanoseconds. (b) Lifetime profile along a horizontal cut line through the center of the target.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Reconstructed lifetime image with homogeneous oxygen content in the target and background. The axes (left and bottom) illustrate the spatial scale, in millimeters, whereas the color scale (right) records the fluorescence lifetime, in nanoseconds.

Equations (5)

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· [ D x ( r ) Φ x r ω ] [ μ a x ( r ) c ] Φ x r ω = S r ω
· [ D m ( r ) Φ m r ω ] [ μ a m ( r ) c ] Φ m r ω = η ( r ) μ a x m Φ x r ω 1 + iωτ ( r ) 1 + ω 2 τ ( r ) 2
[ A x , m ] { Φ x , m } = { b x , m }
[ A x , m ] { Φ x , m / χ } = { b x , m / χ } [ A x , m / χ ] { Φ x , m }
( x , m T x , m + λI ) Δχ = x , m T ( Φ x , m o Φ x , m c )
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