Abstract

We report that irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses moves a microscopic bubble inside crystalline calcium fluoride and amorphous silica glass. In situ observation revealed that the bubble moves against the direction of propagation of laser pulses as far as 2 microns. We also demonstrate the lateral movement of a void along the axis perpendicular to the beam propagation axis by shifting the laser focus.

©2002 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. E. N. Glezer, M. Milosavljevic, L. Huang, R. J. Finlay, T.-H. Her, J. P. Callan, and E. Mazur, “Three-dimensional optical storage inside transparent materials,” Opt. Lett. 21, 2023–2025 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. N. Glezer and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 882–884 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  3. W. Watanabe, T. Toma, K. Yamada, J. Nishii, K. Hayashi, and K. Itoh, “Optical seizing and merging of voids in silica glass with infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1669–1671 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  4. K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and H. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  6. K. Yamada, T. Toma, W. Watanabe, J. Nishii, and K. Itoh, “In situ observation of photoinduced refractive index changes in filaments formed in glasses by femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 26, 19–21 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  7. C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, J. F. Garca, and E. Mazur, “Micromachining bulk glass by use of femtosecond laser pulses with nanojoule energy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 93–95 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  8. D. Homoelle, W. Wielandy, A. L. Gaeta, E. F. Borrelli, and C. Smith, “Infraredphotosensitivity in silica glasses exposed to femtosecondlaser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1311–1313 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  9. L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, ”Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses,“ Opt. Commun. 171, 279–284 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  10. A. M. Streltsov and N. F. Borrelli, “Fabrication and analysis of a directional coupler written in glass by nanojoule femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 26, 42–44 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  11. C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, and E. Mazur, “Laser-induced breakdown and damage in bulk transparent materials induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1784–1794 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  12. Z. Bor, “Distortion of femtosecond laser pulses in lenses and lens systems,” J. Mod. Opt. 35, 1907–1918 (1988).
    [Crossref]
  13. M. Kempe, U. Stamm, B. Wilhelmi, and W. Rudolph, “Spatial and temporal transformation of femtosecond laser pulses by lenses and lens systems,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 1158–1165 (1992).
    [Crossref]
  14. J. Qiu, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional optical memory using glasses as a recording medium through a multi-photon absorption process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2263–2266 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  15. J. W. Chan, T. Huser, S. Risbud, and D. M. Krol, “Structural changes in fused silica after exposure to focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1726–1728 (2001).
    [Crossref]

2001 (5)

2000 (1)

1999 (2)

D. Homoelle, W. Wielandy, A. L. Gaeta, E. F. Borrelli, and C. Smith, “Infraredphotosensitivity in silica glasses exposed to femtosecondlaser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1311–1313 (1999).
[Crossref]

L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, ”Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses,“ Opt. Commun. 171, 279–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

J. Qiu, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional optical memory using glasses as a recording medium through a multi-photon absorption process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2263–2266 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (2)

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

N. Glezer and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 882–884 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (2)

1992 (1)

1988 (1)

Z. Bor, “Distortion of femtosecond laser pulses in lenses and lens systems,” J. Mod. Opt. 35, 1907–1918 (1988).
[Crossref]

Bor, Z.

Z. Bor, “Distortion of femtosecond laser pulses in lenses and lens systems,” J. Mod. Opt. 35, 1907–1918 (1988).
[Crossref]

Borrelli, E. F.

Borrelli, N. F.

Brodeur, A.

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, and E. Mazur, “Laser-induced breakdown and damage in bulk transparent materials induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1784–1794 (2001).
[Crossref]

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, J. F. Garca, and E. Mazur, “Micromachining bulk glass by use of femtosecond laser pulses with nanojoule energy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 93–95 (2001).
[Crossref]

Callan, J. P.

Chan, J. W.

Davis, K. M.

Finlay, R. J.

Franco, M.

L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, ”Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses,“ Opt. Commun. 171, 279–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

Gaeta, A. L.

Garca, J. F.

Glezer, E. N.

Glezer, N.

N. Glezer and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 882–884 (1997).
[Crossref]

Hayashi, K.

Her, T.-H.

Hirao, H.

Hirao, K.

J. Qiu, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional optical memory using glasses as a recording medium through a multi-photon absorption process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2263–2266 (1998).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

Homoelle, D.

Huang, L.

Huser, T.

Inouye, H.

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

Itoh, K.

Kempe, M.

Krol, D. M.

Mazur, E.

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, and E. Mazur, “Laser-induced breakdown and damage in bulk transparent materials induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1784–1794 (2001).
[Crossref]

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, J. F. Garca, and E. Mazur, “Micromachining bulk glass by use of femtosecond laser pulses with nanojoule energy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 93–95 (2001).
[Crossref]

N. Glezer and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 882–884 (1997).
[Crossref]

E. N. Glezer, M. Milosavljevic, L. Huang, R. J. Finlay, T.-H. Her, J. P. Callan, and E. Mazur, “Three-dimensional optical storage inside transparent materials,” Opt. Lett. 21, 2023–2025 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Milosavljevic, M.

Mitsuyu, T.

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

Miura, K.

J. Qiu, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional optical memory using glasses as a recording medium through a multi-photon absorption process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2263–2266 (1998).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and H. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mysyrowicz, A.

L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, ”Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses,“ Opt. Commun. 171, 279–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

Nishii, J.

Prade, B.

L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, ”Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses,“ Opt. Commun. 171, 279–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

Qiu, J.

J. Qiu, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional optical memory using glasses as a recording medium through a multi-photon absorption process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2263–2266 (1998).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

Risbud, S.

Rudolph, W.

Schaffer, C. B.

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, and E. Mazur, “Laser-induced breakdown and damage in bulk transparent materials induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1784–1794 (2001).
[Crossref]

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, J. F. Garca, and E. Mazur, “Micromachining bulk glass by use of femtosecond laser pulses with nanojoule energy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 93–95 (2001).
[Crossref]

Smith, C.

Stamm, U.

Streltsov, A. M.

Sudrie, L.

L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, ”Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses,“ Opt. Commun. 171, 279–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

Sugimoto, N.

Toma, T.

Watanabe, W.

Wielandy, W.

Wilhelmi, B.

Yamada, K.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

N. Glezer and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 882–884 (1997).
[Crossref]

J. Mod. Opt. (1)

Z. Bor, “Distortion of femtosecond laser pulses in lenses and lens systems,” J. Mod. Opt. 35, 1907–1918 (1988).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

J. Qiu, K. Miura, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional optical memory using glasses as a recording medium through a multi-photon absorption process,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 2263–2266 (1998).
[Crossref]

Meas. Sci. Technol. (1)

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, and E. Mazur, “Laser-induced breakdown and damage in bulk transparent materials induced by tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 1784–1794 (2001).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (1)

L. Sudrie, M. Franco, B. Prade, and A. Mysyrowicz, ”Writing of permanent birefringent microlayers in bulk fused silica with femtosecond laser pulses,“ Opt. Commun. 171, 279–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (8)

A. M. Streltsov and N. F. Borrelli, “Fabrication and analysis of a directional coupler written in glass by nanojoule femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 26, 42–44 (2001).
[Crossref]

W. Watanabe, T. Toma, K. Yamada, J. Nishii, K. Hayashi, and K. Itoh, “Optical seizing and merging of voids in silica glass with infrared femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 25, 1669–1671 (2000).
[Crossref]

K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and H. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Yamada, T. Toma, W. Watanabe, J. Nishii, and K. Itoh, “In situ observation of photoinduced refractive index changes in filaments formed in glasses by femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 26, 19–21 (2001).
[Crossref]

C. B. Schaffer, A. Brodeur, J. F. Garca, and E. Mazur, “Micromachining bulk glass by use of femtosecond laser pulses with nanojoule energy,” Opt. Lett. 26, 93–95 (2001).
[Crossref]

D. Homoelle, W. Wielandy, A. L. Gaeta, E. F. Borrelli, and C. Smith, “Infraredphotosensitivity in silica glasses exposed to femtosecondlaser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1311–1313 (1999).
[Crossref]

E. N. Glezer, M. Milosavljevic, L. Huang, R. J. Finlay, T.-H. Her, J. P. Callan, and E. Mazur, “Three-dimensional optical storage inside transparent materials,” Opt. Lett. 21, 2023–2025 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Chan, T. Huser, S. Risbud, and D. M. Krol, “Structural changes in fused silica after exposure to focused femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1726–1728 (2001).
[Crossref]

Supplementary Material (2)

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of experimental setup for creation by femtosecond laser pulses and in situ observation of voids. ND, HWP, and P denote neutral density filter, half-wave plate, and polarizer, respectively. OB1 and OB2 indicate objective lenses. L1 and L2 indicate lenses.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Optical movement of a void under irradiation by successive laser shots. Side view of void was observed under illumination unpolarized halogen lamp.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (2MB) Optical movement of a void under successive irradiation of laser shots. Energy : (a) 386 nJ/pulse and (b) 299 nJ/pulse, respcetively. The small circular spot in the left of each figure indicates the absolute position in the images. The number of shots is indicated upper right. [Media 1] [Media 2]

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Distance of movement of a void. ☐denotes the shape becomes elliptical along the optical axis..

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Lateral movement of a void perpendicular to the beam propagation axis. The void moves by 2 μm along the direction perpendicular to optical axis.

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