Abstract

This paper gives a review of the properties of optical conservative solitons (nonexpanding beams of laser radiation in a medium with self-focusing nonlinearity), dissipative solitons (localized structures of radiation in media or systems with substantial inflow and outflow of energy), and also solitons of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (stable bunches of supercold alkali atoms). Possible applications of these types of solitons are discussed.

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