Hydrogen Sensor Based on A Palladium-Coated Long-Period Fiber Grating Pair

Young-Ho Kim; Myoung-Jin Kim; Min-Su Park; Jae-Hyung Jang; Byeong-Ha Lee; Kwang-Taek Kim

Abstract

We propose a simple hydrogen detection scheme based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed with a pair of palladium-coated long-period fiber gratings (LPGs). Since an LPG pair offered a fine-structured interference fringe in its transmission spectrum, the resolution as a sensor could be appreciably enhanced compared to that of a single LPG. As the palladium layer absorbed hydrogen, the effective refractive indices of the cladding modes were increased so that the interference spectrum was blue-shifted up to 2.3 nm with a wavelength sensitivity of -0.29 nm/min for 4% of hydrogen concentration.

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K. Gleeson and E. Lewis, “Response changes of thin film palladium based optical fibre hydrogen sensors over time,” J. of Physics: Conference Series 76, Sensor and their Applications XIV, 2007
[Crossref]
D. Zalvidea, A. Diez, J. L. Cruz, M. V. Andres, “Hydrogen sensor based on a palladium-coated fibre-taper with improved time-response,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 114, pp. 268-274, 2006
[Crossref]
J. Villatoro, R. M. Petrick, and M. Tabib-Azar, “Pd-Coated Fiber Optic Evanescent Field Hydrogen Sensors,” Proc. of SPIE, vol. 6004, 60040K, 2005
[Crossref]
Kwang Taek Kim, Hyun Suk Song, Jae Pyung Mah, Ki Bum Hong, Kiegon Im, Se-Jong Baik, and Yang-Il Yoon, “Hydrogen Sensor Based on Palladium Coated Side-Polished Single-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1767-1770, 2007
[Crossref]
A. D"Amico, A. Palma and E. Verona, “Surface acoustic wave hydrogen sensor,” Sens. Actuators, vol. 3, pp. 31–39, 1982
[Crossref]
M. A. Butler, “Micromirror optical-fiber hydrogen sensor,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 22, pp. 155-163, 1994
[Crossref]
M. Tabib-Azar, B. Sutapun, R. Petrick, and A. Kazemi, “Highly sensitive hydrogen sensors using palladium coated fiber optics with exposed cores and evanescent field interactions,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 56, pp. 158-163, 1999
[Crossref]
J. Villatoro, A. Diez, J. L. Cruz, and M. V. Andes, “In-Line Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensor Based on Palladium-Coated Single-Mode Taper Fibers,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 533-537, 2003
[Crossref]
M. Buric, K. P. Chen, M. Bhattarai, P. R. Swinehart, and M. Maklad, “Active Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrogen Sensors for All-Temperature Operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 255-257, 2007
[Crossref]
V. Bhatia, “Applications of long-period gratings to single and multi-parameter sensing,” Opt. Exp., vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 457-466, 1999
Young-Geun Han, Byeong Ha Lee, Won-Taek Han, Un-Chul Paek, and Youngjoo Chung, “Fibre-optic sensing applications of a pair of long-period fibre gratings,” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 12, pp. 778-781, 2001
[Crossref]
R. R. J. Maier, B. J. S. Jones, J. S. Barton, S. McCulloch, T. Allsop, J. D. C. Jones and I Bennion, “Fibre optics in palladium-based hydrogen sensing,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt., vol. 9, S45-S59, 2007
[Crossref]
A. M. Vengarkar, P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkins, V. Bhatia, J. E. Sipe, and T. E. Ergodan, “Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters,” J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 58-65, 1996
[Crossref]
Byeong Ha Lee, J. Nishii, “Dependence of fringe spacing on the grating separation in a long-period fiber grating pair,” Appl. Opt., vol. 38, no. 16, pp. 3450-3459, 1999
[Crossref]
B. Sutapun, M. Tabib-Azar, A. Kazemi, “Pd-coated elastooptic fiber optic Bragg grating sensors for multiplexed hydrogen sensing,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 60, pp. 27-34, 1999
[Crossref]
M. A. Khan, R. Riedinger, “Optical absorption in PdH,” Journal de Physique (Paris), vol. 43, pp. 323–328, 1982
[Crossref]
M. A. Ordal, L. L. Long, R. J. Bell, S. E. Bell, R. R. Bell, R. W. Alexander, Jr., and C. A. Ward, “Optical properties of the metals Al, Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ti, and W in the infrared and far infrared,” Appl. Opt., vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1099-1119, 1983
B. H. Lee, and U. Paek, “Multi-slit interpretation of cascaded fiber gratings,” J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1750-1761, 2002
[Crossref]

2007 (4)

K. Gleeson and E. Lewis, “Response changes of thin film palladium based optical fibre hydrogen sensors over time,” J. of Physics: Conference Series 76, Sensor and their Applications XIV, 2007
[Crossref]

Kwang Taek Kim, Hyun Suk Song, Jae Pyung Mah, Ki Bum Hong, Kiegon Im, Se-Jong Baik, and Yang-Il Yoon, “Hydrogen Sensor Based on Palladium Coated Side-Polished Single-Mode Fiber,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 1767-1770, 2007
[Crossref]

M. Buric, K. P. Chen, M. Bhattarai, P. R. Swinehart, and M. Maklad, “Active Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrogen Sensors for All-Temperature Operation,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 255-257, 2007
[Crossref]

R. R. J. Maier, B. J. S. Jones, J. S. Barton, S. McCulloch, T. Allsop, J. D. C. Jones and I Bennion, “Fibre optics in palladium-based hydrogen sensing,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt., vol. 9, S45-S59, 2007
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

D. Zalvidea, A. Diez, J. L. Cruz, M. V. Andres, “Hydrogen sensor based on a palladium-coated fibre-taper with improved time-response,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 114, pp. 268-274, 2006
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

J. Villatoro, R. M. Petrick, and M. Tabib-Azar, “Pd-Coated Fiber Optic Evanescent Field Hydrogen Sensors,” Proc. of SPIE, vol. 6004, 60040K, 2005
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

J. Villatoro, A. Diez, J. L. Cruz, and M. V. Andes, “In-Line Highly Sensitive Hydrogen Sensor Based on Palladium-Coated Single-Mode Taper Fibers,” IEEE Sensors J., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 533-537, 2003
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

B. H. Lee, and U. Paek, “Multi-slit interpretation of cascaded fiber gratings,” J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1750-1761, 2002
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

Young-Geun Han, Byeong Ha Lee, Won-Taek Han, Un-Chul Paek, and Youngjoo Chung, “Fibre-optic sensing applications of a pair of long-period fibre gratings,” Meas. Sci. Technol., vol. 12, pp. 778-781, 2001
[Crossref]

1999 (4)

Byeong Ha Lee, J. Nishii, “Dependence of fringe spacing on the grating separation in a long-period fiber grating pair,” Appl. Opt., vol. 38, no. 16, pp. 3450-3459, 1999
[Crossref]

B. Sutapun, M. Tabib-Azar, A. Kazemi, “Pd-coated elastooptic fiber optic Bragg grating sensors for multiplexed hydrogen sensing,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 60, pp. 27-34, 1999
[Crossref]

V. Bhatia, “Applications of long-period gratings to single and multi-parameter sensing,” Opt. Exp., vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 457-466, 1999

M. Tabib-Azar, B. Sutapun, R. Petrick, and A. Kazemi, “Highly sensitive hydrogen sensors using palladium coated fiber optics with exposed cores and evanescent field interactions,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 56, pp. 158-163, 1999
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

A. M. Vengarkar, P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkins, V. Bhatia, J. E. Sipe, and T. E. Ergodan, “Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters,” J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 58-65, 1996
[Crossref]

1994 (1)

M. A. Butler, “Micromirror optical-fiber hydrogen sensor,” Sens. Actuators B, vol. 22, pp. 155-163, 1994
[Crossref]

1983 (2)

A. D"Amico, A. Palma and E. Verona, “Surface acoustic wave hydrogen sensor,” Sens. Actuators, vol. 3, pp. 31–39, 1982
[Crossref]

M. A. Ordal, L. L. Long, R. J. Bell, S. E. Bell, R. R. Bell, R. W. Alexander, Jr., and C. A. Ward, “Optical properties of the metals Al, Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ti, and W in the infrared and far infrared,” Appl. Opt., vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1099-1119, 1983

1982 (1)

M. A. Khan, R. Riedinger, “Optical absorption in PdH,” Journal de Physique (Paris), vol. 43, pp. 323–328, 1982
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)