Joseph Reader, Victor Kaufman, Jack Sugar, Jan Olof Ekberg, U. Feldman, C. M. Brown, J. F. Seely, and W. L. Rowan, "3s–3p, 3p–3d, and 3d–4f transitions of sodiumlike ions," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4, 1821-1828 (1987)
New measurements have been made for wavelengths of the
3s–3p,
3p–3d, and
3d–4f transitions of the
sodiumlike ions Cu18+, Zn19+,
Ga20+, Ge21+,
As22+, Se23+, Br24+,
Kr25+, Y28+, Zr29+,
Nb30+, Mo31+,
Ru33+, Rh34+, Pd35+,
Ag36+, and Sn39+. The measurements
were made by photographing laser-produced plasmas and tokamak plasmas with
grazing-incidence spectrographs. The energies of the transitions were also
calculated with Dirac–Fock computer codes. By fitting the differences
between the observed and calculated wave numbers to simple formulas,
least-squares-fitted wavelengths for all sodiumlike ions from
Ar7+ to Xe43+ were determined. The
estimated uncertainty of the fitted wavelengths is ±0.007 Å,
which makes them useful as reference values. The wavelengths range from 9 to 713
Å.
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Light source abbreviations: VS, vacuum spark; LPP, laser-produced plasma;
T, tokamak; LIVS, low-inductance vacuum spark, triggered;
θ, theta pinch.
B. C. Fawcett, B. B. Jones, and R. Wilson, “Vacuum ultra-violet
spectra of multiply ionized inert gases,” Proc. Phys. Soc.
(London) 78, 1223 (1961). [gas discharge;
ZETA]
L. W. Phillips and W. L. Parker, “Spectra of argon in the extreme
ultraviolet,” Phys. Rev. 60, 301 (1941).
[VS]
B. Edlén and E. Bodén, “The Na i like
spectra of potassium and calcium, K ix and Ca
x,” Phys. Scr. 14, 31 (1976).
[VS]
R. Smitt, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden (personal communication,
unpublished results, 1977), quoted by Edlén, Ref. 1. [VS]
A. Beckman, Ph.D. dissertation (University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,
1937), quoted by Edlén, Ref. 1. [VS]
J. O. Ekberg and L. Å. Svensson, “Spectrum and term
system of Ti xii,” Phys. Scr. 12, 116
(1975). [VS]
B. C. Fawcett and N. J. Peacock, “Highly ionized spectra of the
transition elements,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 91,
973 (1967). [LPP]
B. Edlén, “Na i-ähnliche Spektren der
Elemente Kalium bis Kupfer K ix-Cu xix,” Z.
Phys. 100, 621 (1936). [VS]
Present work: laser-produced plasma at the NBS.
Weighted mean of wavelength of Smitt (Ref. d),
323.205(10) Å and measurement of present work (Ref.
i), 323.170(20) Å.
B. C. Fawcett, R. D. Cowan, and R. W. Hayes, “New classifications
of highly ionized Ni, Co, Cr, V, and isoelectronic spectra,” J.
Phys. B 5, 2143 (1972). [LPP]
N. J. Peacock, M. F. Stamp, and J. D. Silver, “Highly-ionized
atoms in fusion research plasmas,” Phys. Scr. T8,
10 (1984). [T]
L. Cohen and W. E. Behring, “Wavelengths and levels of the Na
i isoelectronic sequence from K ix through Mn
xv,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 899 (1976).
[LIVS]
B. C. Fawcett, A. H. Gabriel, and P. A. H. Saunders, “New spectra
of Fe xii to Fe xvii and their isoelectronic
sequences,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 90, 863
(1967). [LPP]
N. J. Peacock, R. D. Cowan, and G. A. Sawyer, “Theta-pinch
sources of vacuum ultraviolet radiation,” in Proceedings
of the 7th International Conference on Ionization Phenomena in
Gases (Gradevinska Knjiga, Belgrade, 1967).
[θ]
U. Feldman, L. Katz, W. Behring, and L. Cohen, “Spectra of Fe,
Co, Ni, and Cu isoelectronic with Na i and Mg
i,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 91 (1971).
[LIVS]
W. E. Behring, L. Cohen, and U. Feldman, “The solar spectrum:
wavelengths and identifications from 60 to 385 angstroms,”
Astrophys. J. 175, 493 (1972). [sun]
W. E. Behring, L. Cohen, U. Feldman, and G. A. Doschek, “The
solar spectrum: wavelengths and identifications from 160 to 770
angstroms,” Astrophys. J. 203, 521 (1976).
[sun]
N. Acquista and J. Reader, “4s2
1S0–4s4p1P1
transitions in zinclike ions,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
1, 649 (1984). [LIVS]
B. C. Fawcett, R. D. Cowan, E. Y. Kononov, and R. W. Hayes, “The
classification of transitions between levels of principal quantum
numbers 3 and 4 in Fe ix to xvi and Mn viii
to xv,” J. Phys. B 5, 1255 (1972).
[LPP]
B. C. Fawcett and R. W. Hayes, “The classification of Ni
xi to xvii and Co x to xvii
emission lines from
3s23pn–3s3pn+1
and
3pn–3pn−13d
transitions and the identification of nickel solar lines,” J.
Phys. B 5, 366 (1972).
[θ]
G. D. Sandlin, G. E. Brueckner, V. E. Scherrer, and R. Tousey,
“High-temperature flare lines in the solar spectrum 171
Å–630 Å,” Astrophys. J.
205, L47 (1976). [sun]
B. C. Fawcett and A. T. Hatter, “Spectra of the
3s23pn–3s3pn+1
transition arrays emitted from nickel and cobalt ions,” Astron.
Astrophys. 84, 78 (1980).
[θ]
Mean of values from Refs. u, v, and
w.
Mean of values from Refs. w, v,
k, and p.
Mean of values from Refs. v, k, and
p.
Value from Ref. β, reduced by 0.019 Å as
indicated by present observations with TEXT tokamak.
J. Sugar and V. Kaufman, “Copper spectra in a laser-generated
plasma: measurements and classifications of Cu xii to Cu
xxi,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 704
(1986). [LPP]
E. Ya. Kononov, A. N. Ryabtsev, and S. S. Churilov, “Spectra of
sodium-like ions Cu xix–Br xxv,” Phys.
Scr. 19, 328 (1979). [LPP]
B. C. Fawcett and R. W. Hayes, “Spectra in the period between
copper and bromine produced with the aid of a 4 GW laser,” J.
Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 623 (1975). [LPP]
Present work, tokamak at the University of Texas; TEXT.
C. M. Brown, J. F. Seely, U. Feldman, M. C. Richardson, W. E. Behring,
and L. Cohen, “Spectrum of sodiumlike selenium: Se
xxiv,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 3, 701 (1986).
[LPP]
U. Feldman, J. F. Seely, C. M. Brown, J. O. Ekberg, M. C. Richardson, W.
E. Behring, and J. Reader, “Spectra and energy levels of Br
xxv, Br xxix, Br xxx, and Br
xxxi,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 3, 1605
(1986). [LPP]
J. F. Wyart and TFR Group, “Identification of Kr xviii
to Kr xxix spectra excited in TFR tokamak plasmas,”
Phys. Scr. 31, 539 (1985). [T]
E. Hinnov, “Highly ionized atoms in tokamak discharges,”
Phys. Rev. A 14, 1533 (1976). [T]
Mean of values in Refs. ∊ and
θ.
J. Reader, “Spectrum and energy levels of the sodiumlike ion
Sr27+,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
3, 870 (1986). [LPP]
Present work; new reduction of spectrogram of Ref. λ.
Present work; laser-produced plasma at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory.
Mean of values from Refs. ν and
∊.
M. W. D. Mansfield, N. J. Peacock, C. C. Smith, M. G. Hobby, and R. D.
Cowan, “The XUV spectra of highly ionised molybdenum,”
J. Phys. B 11, 1521 (1978). [LPP]
P. G. Burkhalter, J. Reader, and R. D. Cowan, “Spectra of Mo
xxx, xxxi, and xxxii from a
laser-produced plasma,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 1521
(1977). [LPP]
J. L. Schwob, M. Klapisch, N. Schweitzer, M. Finkenthal, C. Breton, C. De
Michelis, and M. Mattioli, “Identification of Mo xv to
Mo xxxiii in the soft x-ray spectrum of the TFR
tokamak,” Phys. Lett. 62A, 85 (1977).
[T]
Present work; laser-produced plasma at the University of Rochester; OMEGA
laser.
Mean of values from Refs. ν and
τ.
J. Sugar and V. Kaufman, “Wavelengths and energy levels of Zn
xii to Zn xx,” Phys. Scr. 34,
797 (1986) [LPP]; wavelength reduced by 0.010 Å,
as indicated by present observations with TEXT tokamak.
E. Hinnov, F. Boody, S. Cohen, U. Feldman, J. Hosea, K. Sato, J. L.
Schwob, S. Suckewer, and A. Wouters, “Spectrum lines of highly
ionized zinc, germanium, selenium, zirconium, molybdenum, and silver
injected into Princeton Large Torus and Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
tokamak discharges,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 1288
(1986). [T]
U. Feldman, L. Cohen, and M. Swartz, “Newly identified lines of
Ni xviii, Cu xix, and Zn xx in the Na
i isoelectronic sequence,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.
57, 535 (1967).
Table 2
Calculated and Fitted Wavelengths (in Å) for the
3s2S1/2–3p2P1/2
Transitions of Sodiumlike Ions
Light source abbreviations: VS, vacuum spark; LPP, laser-produced plasma;
T, tokamak; LIVS, low-inductance vacuum spark, triggered;
θ, theta pinch.
B. C. Fawcett, B. B. Jones, and R. Wilson, “Vacuum ultra-violet
spectra of multiply ionized inert gases,” Proc. Phys. Soc.
(London) 78, 1223 (1961). [gas discharge;
ZETA]
L. W. Phillips and W. L. Parker, “Spectra of argon in the extreme
ultraviolet,” Phys. Rev. 60, 301 (1941).
[VS]
B. Edlén and E. Bodén, “The Na i like
spectra of potassium and calcium, K ix and Ca
x,” Phys. Scr. 14, 31 (1976).
[VS]
R. Smitt, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden (personal communication,
unpublished results, 1977), quoted by Edlén, Ref. 1. [VS]
A. Beckman, Ph.D. dissertation (University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden,
1937), quoted by Edlén, Ref. 1. [VS]
J. O. Ekberg and L. Å. Svensson, “Spectrum and term
system of Ti xii,” Phys. Scr. 12, 116
(1975). [VS]
B. C. Fawcett and N. J. Peacock, “Highly ionized spectra of the
transition elements,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 91,
973 (1967). [LPP]
B. Edlén, “Na i-ähnliche Spektren der
Elemente Kalium bis Kupfer K ix-Cu xix,” Z.
Phys. 100, 621 (1936). [VS]
Present work: laser-produced plasma at the NBS.
Weighted mean of wavelength of Smitt (Ref. d),
323.205(10) Å and measurement of present work (Ref.
i), 323.170(20) Å.
B. C. Fawcett, R. D. Cowan, and R. W. Hayes, “New classifications
of highly ionized Ni, Co, Cr, V, and isoelectronic spectra,” J.
Phys. B 5, 2143 (1972). [LPP]
N. J. Peacock, M. F. Stamp, and J. D. Silver, “Highly-ionized
atoms in fusion research plasmas,” Phys. Scr. T8,
10 (1984). [T]
L. Cohen and W. E. Behring, “Wavelengths and levels of the Na
i isoelectronic sequence from K ix through Mn
xv,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 899 (1976).
[LIVS]
B. C. Fawcett, A. H. Gabriel, and P. A. H. Saunders, “New spectra
of Fe xii to Fe xvii and their isoelectronic
sequences,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) 90, 863
(1967). [LPP]
N. J. Peacock, R. D. Cowan, and G. A. Sawyer, “Theta-pinch
sources of vacuum ultraviolet radiation,” in Proceedings
of the 7th International Conference on Ionization Phenomena in
Gases (Gradevinska Knjiga, Belgrade, 1967).
[θ]
U. Feldman, L. Katz, W. Behring, and L. Cohen, “Spectra of Fe,
Co, Ni, and Cu isoelectronic with Na i and Mg
i,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 91 (1971).
[LIVS]
W. E. Behring, L. Cohen, and U. Feldman, “The solar spectrum:
wavelengths and identifications from 60 to 385 angstroms,”
Astrophys. J. 175, 493 (1972). [sun]
W. E. Behring, L. Cohen, U. Feldman, and G. A. Doschek, “The
solar spectrum: wavelengths and identifications from 160 to 770
angstroms,” Astrophys. J. 203, 521 (1976).
[sun]
N. Acquista and J. Reader, “4s2
1S0–4s4p1P1
transitions in zinclike ions,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
1, 649 (1984). [LIVS]
B. C. Fawcett, R. D. Cowan, E. Y. Kononov, and R. W. Hayes, “The
classification of transitions between levels of principal quantum
numbers 3 and 4 in Fe ix to xvi and Mn viii
to xv,” J. Phys. B 5, 1255 (1972).
[LPP]
B. C. Fawcett and R. W. Hayes, “The classification of Ni
xi to xvii and Co x to xvii
emission lines from
3s23pn–3s3pn+1
and
3pn–3pn−13d
transitions and the identification of nickel solar lines,” J.
Phys. B 5, 366 (1972).
[θ]
G. D. Sandlin, G. E. Brueckner, V. E. Scherrer, and R. Tousey,
“High-temperature flare lines in the solar spectrum 171
Å–630 Å,” Astrophys. J.
205, L47 (1976). [sun]
B. C. Fawcett and A. T. Hatter, “Spectra of the
3s23pn–3s3pn+1
transition arrays emitted from nickel and cobalt ions,” Astron.
Astrophys. 84, 78 (1980).
[θ]
Mean of values from Refs. u, v, and
w.
Mean of values from Refs. w, v,
k, and p.
Mean of values from Refs. v, k, and
p.
Value from Ref. β, reduced by 0.019 Å as
indicated by present observations with TEXT tokamak.
J. Sugar and V. Kaufman, “Copper spectra in a laser-generated
plasma: measurements and classifications of Cu xii to Cu
xxi,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 704
(1986). [LPP]
E. Ya. Kononov, A. N. Ryabtsev, and S. S. Churilov, “Spectra of
sodium-like ions Cu xix–Br xxv,” Phys.
Scr. 19, 328 (1979). [LPP]
B. C. Fawcett and R. W. Hayes, “Spectra in the period between
copper and bromine produced with the aid of a 4 GW laser,” J.
Opt. Soc. Am. 65, 623 (1975). [LPP]
Present work, tokamak at the University of Texas; TEXT.
C. M. Brown, J. F. Seely, U. Feldman, M. C. Richardson, W. E. Behring,
and L. Cohen, “Spectrum of sodiumlike selenium: Se
xxiv,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 3, 701 (1986).
[LPP]
U. Feldman, J. F. Seely, C. M. Brown, J. O. Ekberg, M. C. Richardson, W.
E. Behring, and J. Reader, “Spectra and energy levels of Br
xxv, Br xxix, Br xxx, and Br
xxxi,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 3, 1605
(1986). [LPP]
J. F. Wyart and TFR Group, “Identification of Kr xviii
to Kr xxix spectra excited in TFR tokamak plasmas,”
Phys. Scr. 31, 539 (1985). [T]
E. Hinnov, “Highly ionized atoms in tokamak discharges,”
Phys. Rev. A 14, 1533 (1976). [T]
Mean of values in Refs. ∊ and
θ.
J. Reader, “Spectrum and energy levels of the sodiumlike ion
Sr27+,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
3, 870 (1986). [LPP]
Present work; new reduction of spectrogram of Ref. λ.
Present work; laser-produced plasma at the Los Alamos National
Laboratory.
Mean of values from Refs. ν and
∊.
M. W. D. Mansfield, N. J. Peacock, C. C. Smith, M. G. Hobby, and R. D.
Cowan, “The XUV spectra of highly ionised molybdenum,”
J. Phys. B 11, 1521 (1978). [LPP]
P. G. Burkhalter, J. Reader, and R. D. Cowan, “Spectra of Mo
xxx, xxxi, and xxxii from a
laser-produced plasma,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 1521
(1977). [LPP]
J. L. Schwob, M. Klapisch, N. Schweitzer, M. Finkenthal, C. Breton, C. De
Michelis, and M. Mattioli, “Identification of Mo xv to
Mo xxxiii in the soft x-ray spectrum of the TFR
tokamak,” Phys. Lett. 62A, 85 (1977).
[T]
Present work; laser-produced plasma at the University of Rochester; OMEGA
laser.
Mean of values from Refs. ν and
τ.
J. Sugar and V. Kaufman, “Wavelengths and energy levels of Zn
xii to Zn xx,” Phys. Scr. 34,
797 (1986) [LPP]; wavelength reduced by 0.010 Å,
as indicated by present observations with TEXT tokamak.
E. Hinnov, F. Boody, S. Cohen, U. Feldman, J. Hosea, K. Sato, J. L.
Schwob, S. Suckewer, and A. Wouters, “Spectrum lines of highly
ionized zinc, germanium, selenium, zirconium, molybdenum, and silver
injected into Princeton Large Torus and Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor
tokamak discharges,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 3, 1288
(1986). [T]
U. Feldman, L. Cohen, and M. Swartz, “Newly identified lines of
Ni xviii, Cu xix, and Zn xx in the Na
i isoelectronic sequence,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.
57, 535 (1967).
Table 2
Calculated and Fitted Wavelengths (in Å) for the
3s2S1/2–3p2P1/2
Transitions of Sodiumlike Ions