Broadband-laser-diode pumped periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate-Sagnac polarization-entangled photon source

Neng Cai; Wu-Hao Cai; Shun Wang; Fang Li; Fang Li; Ryosuke Shimizu; Ryosuke Shimizu; Rui-Bo Jin; Rui-Bo Jin; Rui-Bo Jin

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.437808

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 39,
Issue 1,
pp. 77-82
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.437808

Broadband-laser-diode pumped periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate-Sagnac polarization-entangled photon source

Neng Cai, Wu-Hao Cai, Shun Wang, Fang Li, Ryosuke Shimizu, and Rui-Bo Jin

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Neng Cai, Wu-Hao Cai, Shun Wang, Fang Li, Ryosuke Shimizu, and Rui-Bo Jin, "Broadband-laser-diode pumped periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate-Sagnac polarization-entangled photon source," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 39, 77-82 (2022)

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Table of Contents Category
- Quantum Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 14, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: October 9, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: October 21, 2021
- Published: December 8, 2021

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a polarization-entangled photon source at 810 nm using a type-II phase-matched periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal pumped by a low-cost, broadband laser diode with a central wavelength of 405 nm and a typical bandwidth of 0.53 nm. The PPKTP crystal is placed in a Sagnac loop to realize the compact size and high stability. The downconverted biphotons, the signal and the idler, have typical bandwidths of 5.57 and 7.32 nm. We prepare two Bell states $|{\Psi ^ +}\rangle$ and $|{\Psi ^ -}\rangle$ with the fidelities of ${0.948} \pm {0.004}$ and ${0.963} \pm {0.002}$. In the polarization correlation measurement, the visibilities are all higher than 96.2%, and in the Bell inequality test, the ${S}$ value can achieve ${2.78} \pm {0.01}$. This high-quality and low-cost entangled photon source may have many practical applications in quantum information processing.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Parameter	Yin 2017 [36]	Jeong 2016 [29]	Lohrmann 2020 [30]	This Work
Configuration	Sagnac loop	Universal Bell-state synthesizer	Linear beam displacement interferometer	Sagnac loop
Pump laser $λ_{c}$ and $Δ λ$	Single-mode LD 405 nm, 160 MHz	Multi-mode LD 406.2 nm, 0.5 nm	Multi-mode LD 405.5 nm, $\approx 0.5 n m$	Multi-mode LD 405.1 nm, 0.53 nm
PPKTP	$L = 15 m m$ , -Type-II, collinear	$L = 10 m m$ , $Λ = 10 µ m$ Type-II, non-collinear	$L = 10 m m$ , $Λ = 3.425 µ m$ Type-0, collinear	$L = 10 m m$ , $Λ = 9.825 µ m$ Type-II, collinear
Biphotons $λ_{c}$ and $Δ λ$	811 nm, -	812.4 nm, 5.8/8.7 nm	780/842 nm, over 100 nm	810 nm, 5.6/7.3 nm
Brightness (Kcps/mW)	197 (5.9 Mcps/30 mW)	SMFs: 7 MMFs: 90.9	560	2
Visibility	over 91%	SMFs: 97.8% MMFs: 93.6%	over 96.4%	over 96.2%
Fidelity	$0.907 \pm 0.007$ (at 5.9 Mcps)	SMFs: 0.992 MMFs: 0.968	–	$\| Ψ^{-} ⟩$ : 0.963 $\| Ψ^{+} ⟩$ : 0.948

Name	Type	Characteristics
Laser	LR-BSP-405 nm/100 mW (LR laser Co.)	$λ_{c} = 405.1 n m$ , $F W H M = 0.53 n m$
Fiber coupler	GCX-L005-FC (Daheng Co.)	$η_{c} = 52.6 %$
SMF (405 nm)	PM-S405-XP (Thorlabs)	with FC/APC connector
Mirror (405 nm)	LLM0025-45-397-405 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{r} = 99.2 %$
QWP (405 nm)	WPZ4420-405 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{t} = 100 %$
HWP (405 nm)	WPZ2420-405 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{t} = 100 %$
PBS (405 nm)	PBS0120-397-405 (Union Optics Co.)	extinction $r a t i o = 1000 : 1$
Lens 1 (405 nm)	PCX1809-300-500 (Union Optics Co.)	$f = 200 m m$ , $η_{t} = 100 %$ ; fused silica
Lens 2/3 (810 nm)	PCX0810-780-810 (Union Optics Co.)	$f = 200 m m$ , $η_{t} = 100 %$ ; K9 glass
Mirror (810 nm)	GCC-102202 (Daheng Co.)	protected silver with $η_{r} = 98.2 %$
QWP (810 nm)	GCL-060704 (Daheng Co.)	zero-order QWP
HWP (810 nm)	GCL-060714 (Daheng Co.)	zero-order HWP
SPF	GCC-211002 (Daheng Co.)	$η_{t} = 96.7 %$ for 400–630 nm
LPF1(DM)	DIM-K9-25.4-3 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{t} = 96 %$ (810 nm), $η_{r} = 94 %$ (405 nm)
LPF2	RG-715 (Edmund Co.)	$η_{t} = 89.7 %$ (810 nm)
DHWP	DHWP (Union Optics Co.)	HWP for 405 nm and 810 nm
DPBS	DPBS (Union Optics Co.)	405 nm: $η_{t} = 93.1 %$ , $η_{r} = 97.4 %$
DPBS	DPBS (Union Optics Co.)	810 nm: $η_{t} = 96.2 %$ , $η_{r} = 96.7 %$
SMF (810 nm)	GCX-XSM-4/125-FC/PC (Daheng Co.)	SMF at 810 nm
PPKTP	PPKTP (Raicol Co.)	$s i z e = 1 \times 2 \times 10 m m$ , $Λ = 9.825 µ m$
Oven	TC038-PC (HC Photonics Co.)	$r e s o l u t i o n = {0.1}^{\circ} C$ , $r a n g e = {0 - 200}^{\circ}$
Rotator	OSMS-60YAW (Sigma Koki Co.)	controlled by LabVIEW software
Si-APD	SPCM-AQRH-10-FC (Excelitas Co.)	$η_{d} \approx$ 60% at 810 nm

Parameter	Yin 2017 [36]	Jeong 2016 [29]	Lohrmann 2020 [30]	This Work
Configuration	Sagnac loop	Universal Bell-state synthesizer	Linear beam displacement interferometer	Sagnac loop
Pump laser $λ_{c}$ and $Δ λ$	Single-mode LD 405 nm, 160 MHz	Multi-mode LD 406.2 nm, 0.5 nm	Multi-mode LD 405.5 nm, $\approx 0.5 n m$	Multi-mode LD 405.1 nm, 0.53 nm
PPKTP	$L = 15 m m$ , -Type-II, collinear	$L = 10 m m$ , $Λ = 10 µ m$ Type-II, non-collinear	$L = 10 m m$ , $Λ = 3.425 µ m$ Type-0, collinear	$L = 10 m m$ , $Λ = 9.825 µ m$ Type-II, collinear
Biphotons $λ_{c}$ and $Δ λ$	811 nm, -	812.4 nm, 5.8/8.7 nm	780/842 nm, over 100 nm	810 nm, 5.6/7.3 nm
Brightness (Kcps/mW)	197 (5.9 Mcps/30 mW)	SMFs: 7 MMFs: 90.9	560	2
Visibility	over 91%	SMFs: 97.8% MMFs: 93.6%	over 96.4%	over 96.2%
Fidelity	$0.907 \pm 0.007$ (at 5.9 Mcps)	SMFs: 0.992 MMFs: 0.968	–	$\| Ψ^{-} ⟩$ : 0.963 $\| Ψ^{+} ⟩$ : 0.948

Name	Type	Characteristics
Laser	LR-BSP-405 nm/100 mW (LR laser Co.)	$λ_{c} = 405.1 n m$ , $F W H M = 0.53 n m$
Fiber coupler	GCX-L005-FC (Daheng Co.)	$η_{c} = 52.6 %$
SMF (405 nm)	PM-S405-XP (Thorlabs)	with FC/APC connector
Mirror (405 nm)	LLM0025-45-397-405 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{r} = 99.2 %$
QWP (405 nm)	WPZ4420-405 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{t} = 100 %$
HWP (405 nm)	WPZ2420-405 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{t} = 100 %$
PBS (405 nm)	PBS0120-397-405 (Union Optics Co.)	extinction $r a t i o = 1000 : 1$
Lens 1 (405 nm)	PCX1809-300-500 (Union Optics Co.)	$f = 200 m m$ , $η_{t} = 100 %$ ; fused silica
Lens 2/3 (810 nm)	PCX0810-780-810 (Union Optics Co.)	$f = 200 m m$ , $η_{t} = 100 %$ ; K9 glass
Mirror (810 nm)	GCC-102202 (Daheng Co.)	protected silver with $η_{r} = 98.2 %$
QWP (810 nm)	GCL-060704 (Daheng Co.)	zero-order QWP
HWP (810 nm)	GCL-060714 (Daheng Co.)	zero-order HWP
SPF	GCC-211002 (Daheng Co.)	$η_{t} = 96.7 %$ for 400–630 nm
LPF1(DM)	DIM-K9-25.4-3 (Union Optics Co.)	$η_{t} = 96 %$ (810 nm), $η_{r} = 94 %$ (405 nm)
LPF2	RG-715 (Edmund Co.)	$η_{t} = 89.7 %$ (810 nm)
DHWP	DHWP (Union Optics Co.)	HWP for 405 nm and 810 nm
DPBS	DPBS (Union Optics Co.)	405 nm: $η_{t} = 93.1 %$ , $η_{r} = 97.4 %$
DPBS	DPBS (Union Optics Co.)	810 nm: $η_{t} = 96.2 %$ , $η_{r} = 96.7 %$
SMF (810 nm)	GCX-XSM-4/125-FC/PC (Daheng Co.)	SMF at 810 nm
PPKTP	PPKTP (Raicol Co.)	$s i z e = 1 \times 2 \times 10 m m$ , $Λ = 9.825 µ m$
Oven	TC038-PC (HC Photonics Co.)	$r e s o l u t i o n = {0.1}^{\circ} C$ , $r a n g e = {0 - 200}^{\circ}$
Rotator	OSMS-60YAW (Sigma Koki Co.)	controlled by LabVIEW software
Si-APD	SPCM-AQRH-10-FC (Excelitas Co.)	$η_{d} \approx$ 60% at 810 nm

Abstract

Data Availability

Cited By

Figures (6)

Tables (2)

Equations (1)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B