2.7 µm band enhancement induced by energy transfer in Er<sup>3+</sup>/Tm<sup>3+</sup> co-doped tellurite glass

Yu Zhang; Lizhang Xia; Jiale Ding; Chengyan Li; Xinjie Shen; Jun Li; Yaxun Zhou

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.416863

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 38,
Issue 4,
pp. 1125-1134
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.416863

2.7 µm band enhancement induced by energy transfer in Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass

Yu Zhang, Lizhang Xia, Jiale Ding, Chengyan Li, Xinjie Shen, Jun Li, and Yaxun Zhou

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Yu Zhang, Lizhang Xia, Jiale Ding, Chengyan Li, Xinjie Shen, Jun Li, and Yaxun Zhou, "2.7 µm band enhancement induced by energy transfer in Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 38, 1125-1134 (2021)

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Abstract

In this work, the improvement of 2.7 µm band mid-infrared fluorescence of ${{\rm Er}^{3 +}}$ was investigated. When 0.6 mol% ${{\rm Tm}_2}{{\rm O}_3}$ was incorporated into the tellurite glass doped with 0.5 mol% ${{\rm Er}_2}{{\rm O}_3}$, the 2.7 µm band fluorescence originating from the ${{\rm Er}^{3 +}}:{^4{\rm I}_{11/2}}\to {^4{\rm I}_{13/2}}$ transition underwent significant enhancement up to 2.3 times under the excitation of an 808 nm laser diode. This enhancement was attributed to the energy transfers between ${{\rm Tm}^{3 +}}$ and ${{\rm Er}^{3 +}}$ ions. The energy transfer mechanism was investigated quantitatively by calculating the microparameters and phonon contributions. The obtained result indicated that ${{\rm Er}^{3 +}}/{{\rm Tm}^{3 +}}$ co-doped tellurite glass is a promising candidate applied for 2.7 µm band optoelectronic devices.

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Sample	0.5Er	0.5Er0.2Tm	0.5Er0.4Tm	0.5Er0.6Tm	0.5Er0.8Tm
$ρ ({g / c m}^{3})$	5.501	5.415	5.333	5.493	5.323
$n$	1.983	1.982	1.984	1.986	1.984
$N_{E r}$ ( $10^{20} / {c m}^{3}$ )	2.302	2.256	2.213	2.269	2.190
$N_{T m}$ ( $10^{20} / {c m}^{3}$ )	0	0.902	1.770	2.723	3.504
$T_{g}$ ( $\pm 1$ °C)	357	358	355	358	356
$T_{x}$ ( $\pm 1$ °C)	470	477	475	476	486
$Δ T$ ( $\pm 1$ °C)	113	119	120	118	130
Photograph

Ion	Glass Host	$Ω_{2}$	$Ω_{4}$	$Ω_{6}$	Refs.
${E r}^{3 +}$	0.5Er	5.42	1.77	0.90	This work
	fluoride	2.76	1.17	0.73	[38]
	antimony-phosphate	4.91	2.15	0.82	[41]
	tellurite-zinc	4.58	1.44	0.46	[42]
	tellurite-niobium	2.29	1.35	1.13	[43]
	oxyfluoro-germanotellurite	6.34	1.93	0.94	[11]
	chalcogenide	5.98	2.33	1.10	[44]
	fluorotellurite	5.52	2.07	1.00	[45]

Initial State	Final State	$S_{e d}$ ( $10^{- 20} {c m}^{2}$ )	$A_{e d}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$S_{m d}$ ( $10^{- 20} {c m}^{2}$ )	$A_{m d}$ ( $s^{- 1}$ )	$β$ (%)	$τ_{r a d}$ (ms)
$^{4} I_{13 / 2} \to$	$^{4} I_{15 / 2}$	1.63	168.25	0.72	75.07	1.00	4.11
$^{4} I_{11 / 2} \to$	$^{4} I_{15 / 2}$	0.50	249.03	0.00	0.00	0.83	3.32
	$^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	1.24	29.44	0.96	22.73	0.17
$^{4} I_{9 / 2} \to$	$^{4} I_{15 / 2}$	0.26	278.73	0.00	0.00	0.79	2.84
	$^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	0.59	67.45	0.00	0.00	0.19
	$^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	0.25	1.59	0.72	4.61	0.02
$^{4} F_{9 / 2} \to$	$^{4} I_{15 / 2}$	1.42	2876.48	0.00	0.00	0.91	0.32
	$^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	0.41	152.92	0.00	0.00	0.05
	$^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	1.51	112.89	0.00	0.00	0.04
	$^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	0.54	5.23	0.00	0.00	0.00
$^{4} S_{3 / 2} \to$	$^{4} I_{15 / 2}$	0.21	1718.25	0.00	0.00	0.66	0.38
	$^{4} I_{13 / 2}$	0.31	732.50	0.00	0.00	0.28
	$^{4} I_{11 / 2}$	0.08	60.58	0.00	0.00	0.02
	$^{4} I_{9 / 2}$	0.36	107.75	0.00	0.00	0.04

Sample	0.5Er	0.5Er0.2Tm	0.5Er0.4Tm	0.5Er0.6Tm	0.5Er0.8Tm
$τ_{m}$ ( $^{3} F_{4} \to^{3} H_{6}$ )		2.21	1.24	0.76	0.51
$τ_{m}$ ( $^{4} I_{13 / 2} \to^{4} I_{15 / 2}$ )	3.05	1.28	1.00	0.71	0.53
$τ_{m}$ ( $^{4} I_{11 / 2} \to^{4} I_{13 / 2}$ )	0.42	1.03	1.13	1.15	1.19

	Phonon Number ( $N$ ) and Contribution Ratio (%)
Energy Transfer	0	1	2	$C_{DA}$ ( $10^{- 40} {c m}^{6} / s$ )
${T m}^{3 +} :^{3} H_{4} \to {E r}^{3 +} :^{4} I_{9 / 2}$ (ET1)	99.75	0.24	0	3.70
${E r}^{3 +} :^{4} I_{13 / 2} \to {T m}^{3 +} :^{3} F_{4}$ (ET2)	0	99.80	0.20	9.86

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B