U-grooved dual-channel plasmonic sensor for simultaneous multi-analyte
detection

Abrar Islam; Firoz Haider; Rifat Ahmmed Aoni; Rifat Ahmmed Aoni; Moqbull Hossen; Firoza Begum; Rajib Ahmed

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.435255

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 38,
Issue 10,
pp. 3055-3063
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.435255

U-grooved dual-channel plasmonic sensor for simultaneous multi-analyte detection

Abrar Islam, Firoz Haider, Rifat Ahmmed Aoni, Moqbull Hossen, Firoza Begum, and Rajib Ahmed

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Abrar Islam, Firoz Haider, Rifat Ahmmed Aoni, Moqbull Hossen, Firoza Begum, and Rajib Ahmed, "U-grooved dual-channel plasmonic sensor for simultaneous multi-analyte detection," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 38, 3055-3063 (2021)

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Abstract

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for real-time multi-analyte detection. Semicircular U-shaped slots are excavated inside the PCF to facilitate the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons by reducing the distance between the core and external analyte channels. The evanescent field is controlled via engineered scaled-down air holes. A plasmonic metal layer (gold) is deposited over the U-curved microchannel to enhance the surface plasmons. This asymmetric PCF SPR structure enables superior birefringence controllability, which results in a dominant $y$-polarized response in comparison to the $x$-polarized mode. The light-guiding and sensor performance parameters are numerically analyzed using the full vector finite element method. The proposed sensor can detect a wide refractive index (RI) range from 1.33 to 1.43. It demonstrates the maximum wavelength sensitivities of 2000 nm/RIU and 12,800 nm/RIU with sensor resolutions of ${{5}} \times {{1}}{{{0}}^{- 5}}\;{\rm{RIU}}$ and ${7.813} \times {{1}}{{{0}}^{- 6}}\;{\rm{RIU}}$ for channels 1 and 2, respectively. The sensor also exhibits a maximum amplitude sensitivity of ${{1119}}\;{{\rm{RIU}}^{- 1}}$ with a high figure of merit of ${{474}}\;{{\rm{RIU}}^{- 1}}$. The simultaneous dual-analyte detection capability and highly sensitive response with a broad detection range make the proposed sensor distinct and will pave the way for miniaturized medical diagnostics and sensing applications.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Channel No.	Analyte RI	Pola. Mode	Loss Peak (dB/cm)	Res. Wave. (nm)	Res. Peak Shift (nm)	Wavelength Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	Wavelength Resolution (nm/RIU)	FWHM (nm)	Amplitude Sensitivity ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
Channel 1	1.33	y pol.	13	576	11	1100	$9.1 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	41	68	27
	1.34	y pol.	15	587	13	1300	$7.7 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	37	97	35
	1.35	y pol.	18	600	16	1600	$6.25 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	35	142	46
	1.36	y pol.	23	616	20	2000	$5 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	32	208	63
	1.37	y pol.	30	636	N/A	N/A	N/A	30	N/A	N/A
Channel 2	1.39	y pol.	50	692	42	4200	$2.38 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	27	694	156
	1.40	y pol.	68	734	57	5700	$1.75 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	26	982	219
	1.41	y pol.	101	791	79	7900	$1.26 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	23	1119	344
	1.42	y pol.	128	870	128	12,800	$7.813 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	27	325	474
	1.43	y pol.	93	998	N/A	N/A	N/A	101	N/A	N/A

Analyte RI	Res. Wave. (Both Channels Filled) (nm)	Res. Wave. (One Channel Filled) (nm)	Wave. Sens. (nm/RIU)	Amp. Sens. (Both Channels Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	Amp. Sens. (One Channel Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM (Both Channels Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM (One Channel Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	SNR (Both Channels Filled)	SNR (One Channel Filled)	Detection Limit (DL) ( ${R I U}^{2} / n m$ )
1.33	575	576	1100	96	88	27	26	0.27	0.26	$7.1 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.34	586	587	1300	129	118	35	33	0.35	0.33	$6 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.35	599	600	1600	177	166	46	43	0.46	0.43	$4.88 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.36	615	616	2000	251	233	63	61	0.63	0.61	$3.9 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.37	635	636	2500	373	341	83	81	0.83	0.81	$3.13 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.38	660	661	3100	455	501	107	107	1.07	1.07	$2.52 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.39	691	692	4100	842	720	152	141	1.52	1.41	$1.91 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.40	732	733	5700	1356	978	219	197	2.19	1.97	$1.37 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.41	789	790	7900	1803	1050	343	239	3.43	2.39	$9.89 \times 1 0^{- 10}$
1.42	868	869	12,800	475	329	127	128	1.27	1.28	$6.1 \times 1 0^{- 10}$
1.43	996	997	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Refs.	Structure Type	No. of Simultaneous Detections	Detection Range (RIU)	Operating Wavelength (nm)	Maximum Wavelength Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	Wavelength Resolution (nm/RIU)	Maximum Amplitude Sensitivity ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
[2]	Segmented $A g - T i O_{2}$ PCF SPR sensor	1	1.33–1.36	500–850	10,600	$9.43 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	633.4	303
[10]	H-shaped PCF SPR biosensor	1	1.33–1.41	600–1050	12,600	$7.94 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	—	—
[26]	Selectively metal-coated internal sensor	1	1.423–1.523	1548–2683	12,500	$8 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	550	—
[27]	Nanowire-based pentagonal sensor	1	1.32–1.38	700–1200	10,286	$9.72 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	544	146.9
[28]	Duel-coated D-shaped sensor	1	1.30–1.38	2300–3500	10,000	$2 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	15	—
[29]	Double layered flat fiber plasmonic sensor	1	1.445–1.490	1100–1900	12,172	$8.21 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	2910	—
[30]	Duplex core external sensor	1	1.33–1.40	580–1000	10,700	$9.34 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	1770	—
[31]	Au-Ag layered multi-analyte	2	1.33–1.366	400–800	2500 (Channel 1)	$3.2 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	—	—
	RI sensor				3083 (Channel 2)
This work	U-shaped canalled	2	1.33–1.43	550–1050	2000 (Channel 1)	$5 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	208	474
	multi-analyte sensor				12,800 (Channel 2)	$7.813 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	1119

Channel No.	Analyte RI	Pola. Mode	Loss Peak (dB/cm)	Res. Wave. (nm)	Res. Peak Shift (nm)	Wavelength Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	Wavelength Resolution (nm/RIU)	FWHM (nm)	Amplitude Sensitivity ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )
Channel 1	1.33	y pol.	13	576	11	1100	$9.1 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	41	68	27
	1.34	y pol.	15	587	13	1300	$7.7 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	37	97	35
	1.35	y pol.	18	600	16	1600	$6.25 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	35	142	46
	1.36	y pol.	23	616	20	2000	$5 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	32	208	63
	1.37	y pol.	30	636	N/A	N/A	N/A	30	N/A	N/A
Channel 2	1.39	y pol.	50	692	42	4200	$2.38 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	27	694	156
	1.40	y pol.	68	734	57	5700	$1.75 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	26	982	219
	1.41	y pol.	101	791	79	7900	$1.26 \times 1 0^{- 5}$	23	1119	344
	1.42	y pol.	128	870	128	12,800	$7.813 \times 1 0^{- 6}$	27	325	474
	1.43	y pol.	93	998	N/A	N/A	N/A	101	N/A	N/A

Analyte RI	Res. Wave. (Both Channels Filled) (nm)	Res. Wave. (One Channel Filled) (nm)	Wave. Sens. (nm/RIU)	Amp. Sens. (Both Channels Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	Amp. Sens. (One Channel Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM (Both Channels Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	FOM (One Channel Filled) ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	SNR (Both Channels Filled)	SNR (One Channel Filled)	Detection Limit (DL) ( ${R I U}^{2} / n m$ )
1.33	575	576	1100	96	88	27	26	0.27	0.26	$7.1 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.34	586	587	1300	129	118	35	33	0.35	0.33	$6 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.35	599	600	1600	177	166	46	43	0.46	0.43	$4.88 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.36	615	616	2000	251	233	63	61	0.63	0.61	$3.9 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.37	635	636	2500	373	341	83	81	0.83	0.81	$3.13 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.38	660	661	3100	455	501	107	107	1.07	1.07	$2.52 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.39	691	692	4100	842	720	152	141	1.52	1.41	$1.91 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.40	732	733	5700	1356	978	219	197	2.19	1.97	$1.37 \times 1 0^{- 9}$
1.41	789	790	7900	1803	1050	343	239	3.43	2.39	$9.89 \times 1 0^{- 10}$
1.42	868	869	12,800	475	329	127	128	1.27	1.28	$6.1 \times 1 0^{- 10}$
1.43	996	997	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Abstract

Data Availability

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Figures (12)

Tables (3)

Equations (9)

Journal of the Optical Society of America B