Soliton detuning of 68.5 THz in the near-infrared in a highly nonlinear suspended core tellurite fiber

Tanvi Karpate; Grzegorz Stepniewski; Dariusz Pysz; Anupamaa Rampur; Yuriy Stepanenko; Ryszard Buczynski; Mariusz Klimczak

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.389303

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 37,
Issue 5,
pp. 1502-1509
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.389303

Soliton detuning of 68.5 THz in the near-infrared in a highly nonlinear suspended core tellurite fiber

Tanvi Karpate, Grzegorz Stepniewski, Dariusz Pysz, Anupamaa Rampur, Yuriy Stepanenko, Ryszard Buczynski, and Mariusz Klimczak

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Tanvi Karpate, Grzegorz Stepniewski, Dariusz Pysz, Anupamaa Rampur, Yuriy Stepanenko, Ryszard Buczynski, and Mariusz Klimczak, "Soliton detuning of 68.5 THz in the near-infrared in a highly nonlinear suspended core tellurite fiber," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37, 1502-1509 (2020)

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Abstract

We demonstrate an isolated phenomenon of soliton self-frequency shift over a bandwidth of 68.5 THz in the near-infrared spectral range. We designed, fabricated, and characterized a suspended core microstructured fiber made of highly nonlinear tellurite glass. The fiber is designed for a flat anomalous dispersion to leverage on Raman scattering-assisted frequency shift of a fundamental-order soliton. We demonstrate a prominent soliton with an input-power-based tunability in the spectral range from the 1560 nm central pump wavelength up to around 2400 nm central wavelength of the frequency-shifted soliton, when the fiber is pumped with 90 fs pulses from a commercial, fiber-based, mode-locked laser.

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#	Pump Parameters	Fiber Type and Length (if given)	Range of Tunability	Type of Results	Results Reported	Year & Refs.
1	1550 nm; 180 fs; 48 MHz	PM; 75 m	1560–1780 nm	Experimental	First demonstration of linear shifting of a soliton in an optical fiber by changing input power	1999 [19]
2	1556 nm, 250 fs, 48 MHZ	PM; 220 m	1560–1876 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Dependence of soliton on input pulse width, power, and mode field diameter	2000 [20]
3	1550 nm	PM	1560–2030 nm	Experimental	Characterized soliton pulse by FROG measurements: almost transform-limited 340 fs soliton pulse generated at 2 µm	2001 [21]
4	1060 nm	Silica HOM fiber	1060-1300 nm	Experimental	SSFS from 1.06 nm to 1.3 µm in an HOM fiber	2008 [2]
5	1557 nm; 400 fs; 16.75 MHz	Tellurite SCF; 6.5 cm	1582–1851 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Comparison of Raman response between various samples of tellurite and silica	2010 [22]
6	1550 nm, 37 MHz, 1.5 µW	Chalcogenide SIF	9.7–14.9 µm	Experimental	Soliton tuning in mid-IR with sub-picosecond pulses	2010 [23]
7	1550 nm, 150 fs	Tellurite; 10 cm	1660–1732 nm	Theoretical	Comparison between different tellurite compositions for the Raman response and SSFS	2011 [24]
8	2 µm	Chalcogenide nanowire	2100–650 nm	Theoretical	Mid-IR tuning of soliton by changing the diameter of the fiber	2012 [25]
9	1560 nm	Tellurite SCF	1591–1935 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Blueshift of soliton by a CW laser	2013 [26]
10	1600 nm, 150 fs, 49 MHz and 2000 nm amplifier	Tellurite SCF; 63 cm	1600–2250 nm2000–2650 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Demonstration of wide tunability of solitons by pumping at two different wavelengths	2015 [27]
11	OPO 200 fs, 80 MHz, Pumped at 1750, 1810 and 1900 nm	ZDW at 1.6 µm	1855–2090 nm	Experimental	SSFS at different pump wavelengths; wavelength shift of soliton becomes smaller as pump wavelength shifts farther from ZDW	2015 [28]
12	Pumping at 1560, 1958, 2300 nm; 40 fs	Tellurite SCF; ZDW at 1500 nm; 41 cm	1999–2264 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Redshifted solitons up to 2264 nm	2016 [29]
13	1900 nm, 120 nJ, 40 fs	Fluoride fiber; 2 m	2000–4300 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	100 fs soliton generation	2016 [30]
14	1560 nm; 48 MHz	PM	1560–1900 nm	Experimental	Tunability from 6–9 µm via DFG in OP-GaP crystal	2018 [31]
15	1560 nm; 45 MHz; 27 fs	${G e O}^{2}$ -doped PM fiber; 2.6 m,	1800–2000 nm	Experimental	Ultrashort coherent soliton pulses	2018 [32]
16	3.5 µm; 1560 nm, CW	Tellurite SIF; 22 cm	3.5–6 µm	Theoretical	SSFS in tellurite step index	2019 [33]
17	1550 nm, 90 fs, 100 MHz	Tellurite SCF; 5.6 cm	1560–2400 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Soliton shift from 1560–2400 nm	2020 this work

Fiber Label	Outer Diameter of Fiber (µm)	Diameter of Core (µm)	Strut Width (nm)
NL50A 1a	109.0	1.55	77.3
NL50A 1b	104.0	1.22	119.4
NL50A 2	106.9	1.20	107.4
NL50A 5	119.1	1.44	61.7
NL50A 3	93.0	1.06	67.6
Nl50A 4	95.8	1.07	61.1

#	Pump Parameters	Fiber Type and Length (if given)	Range of Tunability	Type of Results	Results Reported	Year & Refs.
1	1550 nm; 180 fs; 48 MHz	PM; 75 m	1560–1780 nm	Experimental	First demonstration of linear shifting of a soliton in an optical fiber by changing input power	1999 [19]
2	1556 nm, 250 fs, 48 MHZ	PM; 220 m	1560–1876 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Dependence of soliton on input pulse width, power, and mode field diameter	2000 [20]
3	1550 nm	PM	1560–2030 nm	Experimental	Characterized soliton pulse by FROG measurements: almost transform-limited 340 fs soliton pulse generated at 2 µm	2001 [21]
4	1060 nm	Silica HOM fiber	1060-1300 nm	Experimental	SSFS from 1.06 nm to 1.3 µm in an HOM fiber	2008 [2]
5	1557 nm; 400 fs; 16.75 MHz	Tellurite SCF; 6.5 cm	1582–1851 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Comparison of Raman response between various samples of tellurite and silica	2010 [22]
6	1550 nm, 37 MHz, 1.5 µW	Chalcogenide SIF	9.7–14.9 µm	Experimental	Soliton tuning in mid-IR with sub-picosecond pulses	2010 [23]
7	1550 nm, 150 fs	Tellurite; 10 cm	1660–1732 nm	Theoretical	Comparison between different tellurite compositions for the Raman response and SSFS	2011 [24]
8	2 µm	Chalcogenide nanowire	2100–650 nm	Theoretical	Mid-IR tuning of soliton by changing the diameter of the fiber	2012 [25]
9	1560 nm	Tellurite SCF	1591–1935 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Blueshift of soliton by a CW laser	2013 [26]
10	1600 nm, 150 fs, 49 MHz and 2000 nm amplifier	Tellurite SCF; 63 cm	1600–2250 nm2000–2650 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Demonstration of wide tunability of solitons by pumping at two different wavelengths	2015 [27]
11	OPO 200 fs, 80 MHz, Pumped at 1750, 1810 and 1900 nm	ZDW at 1.6 µm	1855–2090 nm	Experimental	SSFS at different pump wavelengths; wavelength shift of soliton becomes smaller as pump wavelength shifts farther from ZDW	2015 [28]
12	Pumping at 1560, 1958, 2300 nm; 40 fs	Tellurite SCF; ZDW at 1500 nm; 41 cm	1999–2264 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Redshifted solitons up to 2264 nm	2016 [29]
13	1900 nm, 120 nJ, 40 fs	Fluoride fiber; 2 m	2000–4300 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	100 fs soliton generation	2016 [30]
14	1560 nm; 48 MHz	PM	1560–1900 nm	Experimental	Tunability from 6–9 µm via DFG in OP-GaP crystal	2018 [31]
15	1560 nm; 45 MHz; 27 fs	${G e O}^{2}$ -doped PM fiber; 2.6 m,	1800–2000 nm	Experimental	Ultrashort coherent soliton pulses	2018 [32]
16	3.5 µm; 1560 nm, CW	Tellurite SIF; 22 cm	3.5–6 µm	Theoretical	SSFS in tellurite step index	2019 [33]
17	1550 nm, 90 fs, 100 MHz	Tellurite SCF; 5.6 cm	1560–2400 nm	Theoretical & Experimental	Soliton shift from 1560–2400 nm	2020 this work

Fiber Label	Outer Diameter of Fiber (µm)	Diameter of Core (µm)	Strut Width (nm)
NL50A 1a	109.0	1.55	77.3
NL50A 1b	104.0	1.22	119.4
NL50A 2	106.9	1.20	107.4
NL50A 5	119.1	1.44	61.7
NL50A 3	93.0	1.06	67.6
Nl50A 4	95.8	1.07	61.1

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B