Investigation of a multimode interference-based high-sensitivity refractive index sensor realized by shining a zero-order Bessel&#x2013;Gauss beam

Arijit Datta; Ardhendu Saha

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.34.001327

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 34,
Issue 7,
pp. 1327-1339
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.34.001327

Investigation of a multimode interference-based high-sensitivity refractive index sensor realized by shining a zero-order Bessel–Gauss beam

Arijit Datta and Ardhendu Saha

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Arijit Datta and Ardhendu Saha, "Investigation of a multimode interference-based high-sensitivity refractive index sensor realized by shining a zero-order Bessel–Gauss beam," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 34, 1327-1339 (2017)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 13, 2017
- Revised Manuscript: May 14, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: May 15, 2017
- Published: June 5, 2017

Abstract

A novel multimode interference-based refractive index sensor in a higher-order-mode–no-core–higher-order-mode fiber structure achieved by shining a zero-order Bessel–Gauss beam is reported here. The effect of higher-order mode coupling on the performance of the proposed sensor is investigated and verified numerically. Based on the simulation results, the proposed sensing scheme offers a very high sensing resolution of $5.54 \times 10^{- 6} RIU$ over the refractive index range of 1.33–1.42 for a no-core fiber length of 15 mm. So, the sensor we proposed has significant advantages in the field of any physical, biological, and chemical sensing purposes as it provides measurement with very high sensitivity.

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Parameter	Numerical Value
Operating Wavelength	1.55 μm
Operating Temperature	27°C
Axicon Apex Angle	140°
Core diameter of HOM fiber	8.2 μm
Diameter of inner cladding for HOM fiber	40 μm
Diameter of outer cladding for HOM fiber	125 μm
RI of core for HOM fiber	1.4505
RI of inner cladding for HOM fiber	1.204
RI of outer cladding for HOM fiber	1.115
Diameter of NCF	125 μm
Refractive index of NCF	1.4446

	Maximum Estimated Sensing Resolution of RI Sensor (RIU)
Length of NCF (mm)	Conventional (Using Gaussian Beam)	Proposed Scheme (Using Zero-Order BG Beam)
15	$9.31 \times 10^{- 5}$	$5.54 \times 10^{- 6}$
29.45	$6.05 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.08 \times 10^{- 6}$
44	$3.76 \times 10^{- 5}$	$9.76 \times 10^{- 6}$

Method	Maximum Absolute Sensitivity	Maximum RI Sensing Resolution	Ref.
Reflective single-mode–multimode–single-mode fiber structure	67.9 dB/RIU	$7.5978 \times 10^{- 5} RIU$	[4]
Using tunable filter based on no-core fiber	113.73 dB/RIU	Not given	[10]
Using reflective optical fiber	110 dB/RIU	$2.2 \times 10^{- 4} RIU$	[11]
Single-mode–multimode—single-mode (SMS) structure	Not given	$4.05 \times 10^{- 5} RIU$	[20]
Single-mode–tapered multimode—single-mode (STMS) structure	Not given	$2.37 \times 10^{- 5} RIU$	[20]
Single-mode–multimode (SM) structure	94.58 dB/RIU	Not given	[21]
Based on transmitted intensity	Not given	$1 \times 10^{- 5} RIU$	[24]
Using zero-order Bessel–Gauss beam	1804.96 dB/RIU	$5.54 \times 10^{- 6} RIU$	Our work

Parameter	Numerical Value
Operating Wavelength	1.55 μm
Operating Temperature	27°C
Axicon Apex Angle	140°
Core diameter of HOM fiber	8.2 μm
Diameter of inner cladding for HOM fiber	40 μm
Diameter of outer cladding for HOM fiber	125 μm
RI of core for HOM fiber	1.4505
RI of inner cladding for HOM fiber	1.204
RI of outer cladding for HOM fiber	1.115
Diameter of NCF	125 μm
Refractive index of NCF	1.4446

	Maximum Estimated Sensing Resolution of RI Sensor (RIU)
Length of NCF (mm)	Conventional (Using Gaussian Beam)	Proposed Scheme (Using Zero-Order BG Beam)
15	$9.31 \times 10^{- 5}$	$5.54 \times 10^{- 6}$
29.45	$6.05 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.08 \times 10^{- 6}$
44	$3.76 \times 10^{- 5}$	$9.76 \times 10^{- 6}$

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