Abstract

Upconversion (UC) emission spectra of ${\mathrm{Y}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3\text{:}{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ (3 mol. %), ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ (0, 10, 20, and 40 mol. %) microcrystals were studied under 1.55 μm excitation. Ultraviolet (UV) UC from the ${}^2{\mathrm{L}}_{15/2}$, ${}^2{\mathrm{H}}_{9/2}$, ${}^4{\mathrm{D}}_{1/2}$, ${}^4{\mathrm{D}}_{3/2}$, ${}^4{\mathrm{D}}_{7/2}$, ${}^4{\mathrm{D}}_{5/2}$, ${}^2{\mathrm{D}}_{5/2}$, ${}^2{\mathrm{P}}_{1/2}$, ${}^2{\mathrm{P}}_{3/2}$, ${}^4{\mathrm{G}}_{11/2}$, and ${}^2{\mathrm{G}}_{9/2}$ levels in ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ and from the ${}^6{\mathrm{D}}_{1/2}$ and ${}^6{\mathrm{P}}_{7/2}$ levels in ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ were obtained. Enhancements of UV UC emissions of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ were observed in ${\mathrm{Y}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3\text{:}{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$. The cooperative energy transfer from ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ to ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ and the energy transfer from ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ to ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ ions were thought to be the possible mechanisms for these enhancements. This phenomenon provides a new idea for investigating the enhancement of UC radiations in rare-earth ion doped materials. The dependencies of UC emissions on pump power and dopant concentration were also studied for understanding possible UC mechanisms.

© 2015 Optical Society of America

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