Abstract

We report on optimal control of the output energy of terahertz (THz) waves generated by optical rectification of femtosecond pulses in ZnTe crystals. An enhancement by a factor up to 2.4 is obtained with chirped pump pulses. The optimized THz wave also displays a spectral broadening. The influence of the optical pulse shaping on the pump pulse propagation, and consequently on the THz generation efficiency, is numerically investigated and discussed.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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  1. K. Reimann, “Table-top sources of ultrashort THz pulses,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 1597–1632 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  2. S. Vidal, J. Degert, M. Tondusson, J. Oberle, and E. Freysz, “Impact of dispersion, free carriers and two-photon absorption on the generation of intense THz pulses in ZnTe crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 191103 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  3. S. M. Harrel, R. L. Milot, J. M. Schleicher, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Influence of free-carrier absorption on terahertz generation from ZnTe(110),” J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033526 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  4. Z. Y. Zhao, S. Hameau, and J. Tignon, “THz generation by optical rectification and competition with other nonlinear processes,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 25, 1868–1870 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  5. S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  6. D. N. Erschens, D. Turchinovich, and P. U. Jepsen, “Optimized optical rectification and electro-optic sampling in ZnTe crystals with chirped femtosecond laser pulse,” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 32, 1371–1381 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  7. S. Vidal, J. Degert, J. Oberlé, and E. Freysz, “Femtosecond optical pulse shaping for tunable terahertz pulses generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 1044–1050 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  8. G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  9. A. M. Weiner, “Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light odulators,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 1929–1960 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  10. A. Monmayrant and B. Chatel, “New phase and amplitude high resolution pulse shaper,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2668–2671 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  11. A. Nahata, A. S. Weling, and T. F. Heinz, “A wideband coherent terahertz spectroscopy system using optical rectification and electro-optic sampling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2321–2323 (1996).
    [Crossref]
  12. R. S. Judson and H. Rabitz, “Teaching laser to control molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1500–1503 (1992).
    [Crossref]
  13. D. Meshulach, D. Yelin, and Y. Silberberg, “Adaptive ultrashort pulse compression and shaping,” Opt. Commun. 138, 345–348 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  14. T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  15. C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, P. M. Weber, and W. S. Warren, “Feedback quantum control of molecular electronic population transfer,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 151–158 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  16. D. Goswami, “Optical pulse shaping approaches to coherent control,” Phys. Rep. 374, 385–481 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  17. D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K.-L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies,” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  18. J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  19. L. Yin and G. Agrawal, “Impact of two-photon absorption on self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2031–2033 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  20. J. A. C. Weideman and B. M. Herbst, “Split-step method for the solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation,” SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 23, 485–507 (1986).
    [Crossref]
  21. B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
    [Crossref]

2013 (1)

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

D. N. Erschens, D. Turchinovich, and P. U. Jepsen, “Optimized optical rectification and electro-optic sampling in ZnTe crystals with chirped femtosecond laser pulse,” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 32, 1371–1381 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Vidal, J. Degert, M. Tondusson, J. Oberle, and E. Freysz, “Impact of dispersion, free carriers and two-photon absorption on the generation of intense THz pulses in ZnTe crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 191103 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

S. M. Harrel, R. L. Milot, J. M. Schleicher, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Influence of free-carrier absorption on terahertz generation from ZnTe(110),” J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033526 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Vidal, J. Degert, J. Oberlé, and E. Freysz, “Femtosecond optical pulse shaping for tunable terahertz pulses generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 1044–1050 (2010).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

Z. Y. Zhao, S. Hameau, and J. Tignon, “THz generation by optical rectification and competition with other nonlinear processes,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 25, 1868–1870 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (3)

L. Yin and G. Agrawal, “Impact of two-photon absorption on self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2031–2033 (2007).
[Crossref]

K. Reimann, “Table-top sources of ultrashort THz pulses,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 1597–1632 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

A. Monmayrant and B. Chatel, “New phase and amplitude high resolution pulse shaper,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2668–2671 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

D. Goswami, “Optical pulse shaping approaches to coherent control,” Phys. Rep. 374, 385–481 (2003).
[Crossref]

2001 (3)

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K.-L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies,” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
[Crossref]

G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

A. M. Weiner, “Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light odulators,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 1929–1960 (2000).
[Crossref]

1997 (3)

D. Meshulach, D. Yelin, and Y. Silberberg, “Adaptive ultrashort pulse compression and shaping,” Opt. Commun. 138, 345–348 (1997).
[Crossref]

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, P. M. Weber, and W. S. Warren, “Feedback quantum control of molecular electronic population transfer,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 151–158 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

A. Nahata, A. S. Weling, and T. F. Heinz, “A wideband coherent terahertz spectroscopy system using optical rectification and electro-optic sampling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2321–2323 (1996).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

R. S. Judson and H. Rabitz, “Teaching laser to control molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1500–1503 (1992).
[Crossref]

1986 (1)

J. A. C. Weideman and B. M. Herbst, “Split-step method for the solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation,” SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 23, 485–507 (1986).
[Crossref]

Agrawal, G.

L. Yin and G. Agrawal, “Impact of two-photon absorption on self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2031–2033 (2007).
[Crossref]

Arlt, S.

J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
[Crossref]

Bardeen, C. J.

C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, P. M. Weber, and W. S. Warren, “Feedback quantum control of molecular electronic population transfer,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 151–158 (1997).
[Crossref]

Baumann, B.

J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
[Crossref]

Baumert, T.

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Brixner, T.

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Carpenter, S. D.

C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, P. M. Weber, and W. S. Warren, “Feedback quantum control of molecular electronic population transfer,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 151–158 (1997).
[Crossref]

Chatel, B.

A. Monmayrant and B. Chatel, “New phase and amplitude high resolution pulse shaper,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2668–2671 (2004).
[Crossref]

Chen, J.

B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Chi, C. C.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Chu, W.-C.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Degert, J.

S. Vidal, J. Degert, M. Tondusson, J. Oberle, and E. Freysz, “Impact of dispersion, free carriers and two-photon absorption on the generation of intense THz pulses in ZnTe crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 191103 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Vidal, J. Degert, J. Oberlé, and E. Freysz, “Femtosecond optical pulse shaping for tunable terahertz pulses generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 1044–1050 (2010).
[Crossref]

Erschens, D. N.

D. N. Erschens, D. Turchinovich, and P. U. Jepsen, “Optimized optical rectification and electro-optic sampling in ZnTe crystals with chirped femtosecond laser pulse,” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 32, 1371–1381 (2011).
[Crossref]

Fan, Y.-X.

B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Feurer, T.

G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
[Crossref]

Frey, S.

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K.-L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies,” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

Freysz, E.

S. Vidal, J. Degert, M. Tondusson, J. Oberle, and E. Freysz, “Impact of dispersion, free carriers and two-photon absorption on the generation of intense THz pulses in ZnTe crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 191103 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Vidal, J. Degert, J. Oberlé, and E. Freysz, “Femtosecond optical pulse shaping for tunable terahertz pulses generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 1044–1050 (2010).
[Crossref]

Gerber, G.

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Goswami, D.

D. Goswami, “Optical pulse shaping approaches to coherent control,” Phys. Rep. 374, 385–481 (2003).
[Crossref]

Gu, B.

B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Hacker, M.

G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
[Crossref]

Hameau, S.

Z. Y. Zhao, S. Hameau, and J. Tignon, “THz generation by optical rectification and competition with other nonlinear processes,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 25, 1868–1870 (2008).
[Crossref]

Harrel, S. M.

S. M. Harrel, R. L. Milot, J. M. Schleicher, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Influence of free-carrier absorption on terahertz generation from ZnTe(110),” J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033526 (2010).
[Crossref]

He, J.

B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Heinz, T. F.

A. Nahata, A. S. Weling, and T. F. Heinz, “A wideband coherent terahertz spectroscopy system using optical rectification and electro-optic sampling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2321–2323 (1996).
[Crossref]

Herbst, B. M.

J. A. C. Weideman and B. M. Herbst, “Split-step method for the solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation,” SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 23, 485–507 (1986).
[Crossref]

Jepsen, P. U.

D. N. Erschens, D. Turchinovich, and P. U. Jepsen, “Optimized optical rectification and electro-optic sampling in ZnTe crystals with chirped femtosecond laser pulse,” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 32, 1371–1381 (2011).
[Crossref]

Ji, W.

B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Judson, R. S.

R. S. Judson and H. Rabitz, “Teaching laser to control molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1500–1503 (1992).
[Crossref]

Keller, U.

J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
[Crossref]

Kobayashi, T.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Kompa, K.-L.

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K.-L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies,” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

Ku, S. A.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Kunde, J.

J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
[Crossref]

Luo, C. W.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Meshulach, D.

D. Meshulach, D. Yelin, and Y. Silberberg, “Adaptive ultrashort pulse compression and shaping,” Opt. Commun. 138, 345–348 (1997).
[Crossref]

Milot, R. L.

S. M. Harrel, R. L. Milot, J. M. Schleicher, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Influence of free-carrier absorption on terahertz generation from ZnTe(110),” J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033526 (2010).
[Crossref]

Monmayrant, A.

A. Monmayrant and B. Chatel, “New phase and amplitude high resolution pulse shaper,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2668–2671 (2004).
[Crossref]

Morier-Genoud, F.

J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
[Crossref]

Motzkus, M.

D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K.-L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies,” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
[Crossref]

G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
[Crossref]

Nahata, A.

A. Nahata, A. S. Weling, and T. F. Heinz, “A wideband coherent terahertz spectroscopy system using optical rectification and electro-optic sampling,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2321–2323 (1996).
[Crossref]

Oberle, J.

S. Vidal, J. Degert, M. Tondusson, J. Oberle, and E. Freysz, “Impact of dispersion, free carriers and two-photon absorption on the generation of intense THz pulses in ZnTe crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 191103 (2011).
[Crossref]

Oberlé, J.

S. Vidal, J. Degert, J. Oberlé, and E. Freysz, “Femtosecond optical pulse shaping for tunable terahertz pulses generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 1044–1050 (2010).
[Crossref]

Rabitz, H.

R. S. Judson and H. Rabitz, “Teaching laser to control molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1500–1503 (1992).
[Crossref]

Reichel, F.

G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
[Crossref]

Reimann, K.

K. Reimann, “Table-top sources of ultrashort THz pulses,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 1597–1632 (2007).
[Crossref]

Schleicher, J. M.

S. M. Harrel, R. L. Milot, J. M. Schleicher, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Influence of free-carrier absorption on terahertz generation from ZnTe(110),” J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033526 (2010).
[Crossref]

Schmuttenmaer, C. A.

S. M. Harrel, R. L. Milot, J. M. Schleicher, and C. A. Schmuttenmaer, “Influence of free-carrier absorption on terahertz generation from ZnTe(110),” J. Appl. Phys. 107, 033526 (2010).
[Crossref]

Seyfried, V.

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Siegner, U.

J. Kunde, B. Baumann, S. Arlt, F. Morier-Genoud, U. Siegner, and U. Keller, “Optimization of adaptive feedback control for ultrafast semiconductor spectroscopy,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 872–881 (2001).
[Crossref]

Silberberg, Y.

D. Meshulach, D. Yelin, and Y. Silberberg, “Adaptive ultrashort pulse compression and shaping,” Opt. Commun. 138, 345–348 (1997).
[Crossref]

Stobrawa, G.

G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
[Crossref]

Strehle, M.

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Tignon, J.

Z. Y. Zhao, S. Hameau, and J. Tignon, “THz generation by optical rectification and competition with other nonlinear processes,” Chin. Phys. Lett. 25, 1868–1870 (2008).
[Crossref]

Tondusson, M.

S. Vidal, J. Degert, M. Tondusson, J. Oberle, and E. Freysz, “Impact of dispersion, free carriers and two-photon absorption on the generation of intense THz pulses in ZnTe crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 191103 (2011).
[Crossref]

Tu, C. M.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Turchinovich, D.

D. N. Erschens, D. Turchinovich, and P. U. Jepsen, “Optimized optical rectification and electro-optic sampling in ZnTe crystals with chirped femtosecond laser pulse,” J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 32, 1371–1381 (2011).
[Crossref]

Vidal, S.

S. Vidal, J. Degert, M. Tondusson, J. Oberle, and E. Freysz, “Impact of dispersion, free carriers and two-photon absorption on the generation of intense THz pulses in ZnTe crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 191103 (2011).
[Crossref]

S. Vidal, J. Degert, J. Oberlé, and E. Freysz, “Femtosecond optical pulse shaping for tunable terahertz pulses generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, 1044–1050 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wang, H.-T.

B. Gu, Y.-X. Fan, J. Chen, H.-T. Wang, J. He, and W. Ji, “Z-scan theory of two-photon absorption saturation and experimental evidence,” J. Appl. Phys. 102, 083101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Warren, W. S.

C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, P. M. Weber, and W. S. Warren, “Feedback quantum control of molecular electronic population transfer,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 151–158 (1997).
[Crossref]

Weber, P. M.

C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, P. M. Weber, and W. S. Warren, “Feedback quantum control of molecular electronic population transfer,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 151–158 (1997).
[Crossref]

Weideman, J. A. C.

J. A. C. Weideman and B. M. Herbst, “Split-step method for the solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation,” SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 23, 485–507 (1986).
[Crossref]

Weiner, A. M.

A. M. Weiner, “Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light odulators,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 1929–1960 (2000).
[Crossref]

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[Crossref]

Wu, K. H.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Yabushita, A.

S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Yakovlev, V. V.

C. J. Bardeen, V. V. Yakovlev, K. R. Wilson, S. D. Carpenter, P. M. Weber, and W. S. Warren, “Feedback quantum control of molecular electronic population transfer,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 280, 151–158 (1997).
[Crossref]

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D. Meshulach, D. Yelin, and Y. Silberberg, “Adaptive ultrashort pulse compression and shaping,” Opt. Commun. 138, 345–348 (1997).
[Crossref]

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L. Yin and G. Agrawal, “Impact of two-photon absorption on self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2031–2033 (2007).
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D. Zeidler, S. Frey, K.-L. Kompa, and M. Motzkus, “Evolutionary algorithms and their application to optimal control studies,” Phys. Rev. A 64, 023420 (2001).
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Appl. Phys. B (2)

G. Stobrawa, M. Hacker, T. Feurer, D. Zeidler, M. Motzkus, and F. Reichel, “A new high resolution femtosecond pulse shaper,” Appl. Phys. B 72, 627–630 (2001).
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[Crossref]

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Chem. Phys. Lett. (1)

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Chin. Phys. Lett. (1)

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S. A. Ku, C. M. Tu, W.-C. Chu, C. W. Luo, K. H. Wu, A. Yabushita, C. C. Chi, and T. Kobayashi, “Saturation of the free carrier absorption in ZnTe crystals,” Opt. Express 21, 13930–13937 (2013).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (1)

L. Yin and G. Agrawal, “Impact of two-photon absorption on self-phase modulation in silicon waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32, 2031–2033 (2007).
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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Experimental setup developed for the optimization of the THz generation in a 1 mm thick ZnTe crystal.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Typical convergence curves for the optimization of the THz-wave energy generated in a 1 mm thick ZnTe crystal excited by pulses with fluences of 0.03  mJ/cm2 (squares) and 1.75  mJ/cm2 (dots), respectively.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. THz power spectra and corresponding temporal waveforms (inset) generated in a 1 mm thick ZnTe crystal excited by a TL pulse (φ(2)=0  fs2) (dark lines) and an optimized one (φ(2)=−1700  fs2) (red lines), both having an input fluence of 0.35  mJ/cm2.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Evolution of the laser pulse intensity during its propagation through a 1 mm thick crystal (a) for an initial 0.035  mJ/cm2 TL pulse (φ(2)=0  fs2) and for the optimized one (GDD φ(2)=−1100  fs2); (b) for an initial 1.75  mJ/cm2 TL pulse, and the corresponding optimized pulse (φ(2)=−1750  fs2). (c) Evolution of the laser pulse energy for an initial 0.035  mJ/cm2 TL pulse and for the optimized one. (d) Evolution of the laser pulse energy for an initial 1.74  mJ/cm2 TL pulse and for the optimized one.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Evolution of the Gaussian pulse duration (FWHM in intensity) during the propagation for a 35 fs, 0.035  mJ/cm2 TL pulse (dashed line) and for pulses with GDD φ(2)=−1100  fs2 (blue squares) and φ(2)=−1750  fs2 (red circles).

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Evolution of the diameter (FWHM in intensity) of the laser beam along the crystal for the TL and the optimized pulse under high input fluence. Inset: beam profile at the input and exit of the crystal for a TL pulse with high fluence (r=x2+y2).

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Tables (2)

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Table 1. THz Energy Enhancement Factor Ropt for Different Input Fluences J and the Corresponding Optimized Values of the GDD

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Table 2. Laser Pump Energy Fraction Absorbed by TPA in the ZnTe Crystal

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Equations (6)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

φ(ω)=∑n=251n!φ(n)(ω−ω0)n,
∂E(x,y,z,t)∂z−i2k0ΔtE(x,y,z,t)+i2k0′′∂2E(x,y,z,t)∂t2=−12β|E(x,y,z,t)|2E(x,y,z,t).
E(x,y,z,t)=u(x,y,z)ε(z,t)exp[i(ω0t−k0z)],
∂I(x,y,z,t)∂z=−βII2(x,y,z,t)
βI=β01+I(x,y,z,t)/Isat,
ε(0,t)=FT−1{ETL(0,ω)exp[iφ(2)2ω2]},

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