Comparison of Tm:YLF and Tm:YAP in thermal analysis and laser performance

Bao-Quan Yao; Pei-Bei Meng; Gang Li; You-Lun Ju; Yue-Zhu Wang

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.28.001866

Comparison of Tm:YLF and Tm:YAP in thermal analysis and laser performance

Bao-Quan Yao, Pei-Bei Meng, Gang Li, You-Lun Ju, and Yue-Zhu Wang

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 28,
Issue 8,
pp. 1866-1873
(2011)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.28.001866

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Bao-Quan Yao, Pei-Bei Meng, Gang Li, You-Lun Ju, and Yue-Zhu Wang, "Comparison of Tm:YLF and Tm:YAP in thermal analysis and laser performance," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 1866-1873 (2011)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers and Laser Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Lasers, diode-pumped (140.3480)
- Rare earth and transition metal solid-state lasers (140.5680)
- Thermal effects (140.6810)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 11, 2011
- Revised Manuscript: May 25, 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: May 30, 2011
- Published: July 8, 2011

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Abstract

The a-cut Tm:YLF and c-cut Tm:YAP laser performance for $1.94 μm$ in dual-end pump configuration are compared in this paper. Higher slope efficiency and better beam quality are obtained for Tm:YLF lasers than Tm:YAP lasers in our present experiment. Theoretically, the temperature distribution and thermal focal length of Tm:YLF and Tm:YAP with a dual-end pump structure are analyzed. The thermal focal length, which is deduced from the backward calculation with the measured $M^{2}$ factor, is much longer for Tm:YLF than Tm:YAP, indicating a weaker thermal lens effect for the Tm:YLF laser, which is in agreement with the theoretical value deduced from the temperature distribution in the rod. In addition, a rate equation model is used to simulate the laser performance and is found to have reasonable agreement with the experimental acquired data.

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Laser Material	Dimensions	Doped Concentration	Orientation
Tm:YLF	$3 mm \times 3 mm \times 12 mm$	$3 at. %$	a-cut
Tm:YAP	$3 mm \times 3 mm \times 12 mm$	$3.5 at. %$	c-cut

Parameter	Tm:YLF Value [Ref.]	Tm:YAP Value [Ref.]
Crystal radius ( $R_{c}$ ) [mm]	1.5	1.5
Thermal conductivity (k) [ $W / (cm \cdot K)$ ]	0.06 [32]	0.11 [16]
Heat fraction ( $η_{h}$ )	0.22	0.22
Poisson’s ratio (ν)	0.3 [22]	0.3 [22]
Thermal expansion coefficient ( $α_{T}$ ) [ $K^{- 1}$ ]	$13 \times 10^{- 6}$ [19]	$11.9 \times 10^{- 6}$ [24]
Thermal dispersion ( $\partial n / \partial T$ ) [ $K^{- 1}$ ]	$- 2 \times 10^{- 6}$ [32]	$10.08 \times 10^{- 6}$ [33]
Refractive index (n)	1.44 [27]	1.92 [33]
Location of pump beam waist ( $z_{0}$ ) [mm]	4	4
Pump beam quality ( $M_{p}^{2}$ )	175	175
Pump quantum efficiency ( $η_{p}$ )	1.84 [9]	1.88 [4]
Pump wavelength ( $λ_{p}$ ) [nm]	790	790
Laser wavelength ( $λ_{l}$ ) [ $μm$ ]	1.94	1.94
Unsaturated pump absorption coefficient ( $α_{0}$ ) [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	1.3 (measured)	1.8 (measured)
Effective stimulated emission cross section ( $σ_{em} (λ_{l})$ ) [ ${cm}^{2}$ ]	$1 \times 10^{- 21}$ [1]	$3.8 \times 10^{- 21}$ [12]
Upper level lifetime ( $τ_{2}$ ) [ms]	14 [27]	4.4 [34]
Total up-conversion rate ( $k_{Σ}$ ) [ ${cm}^{3} / s$ ]	0	0
Resonator round-trip loss (Δ)	1.5% (estimated)	5.5% (estimated)

Laser Material	Dimensions	Doped Concentration	Orientation
Tm:YLF	$3 mm \times 3 mm \times 12 mm$	$3 at. %$	a-cut
Tm:YAP	$3 mm \times 3 mm \times 12 mm$	$3.5 at. %$	c-cut

Parameter	Tm:YLF Value [Ref.]	Tm:YAP Value [Ref.]
Crystal radius ( $R_{c}$ ) [mm]	1.5	1.5
Thermal conductivity (k) [ $W / (cm \cdot K)$ ]	0.06 [32]	0.11 [16]
Heat fraction ( $η_{h}$ )	0.22	0.22
Poisson’s ratio (ν)	0.3 [22]	0.3 [22]
Thermal expansion coefficient ( $α_{T}$ ) [ $K^{- 1}$ ]	$13 \times 10^{- 6}$ [19]	$11.9 \times 10^{- 6}$ [24]
Thermal dispersion ( $\partial n / \partial T$ ) [ $K^{- 1}$ ]	$- 2 \times 10^{- 6}$ [32]	$10.08 \times 10^{- 6}$ [33]
Refractive index (n)	1.44 [27]	1.92 [33]
Location of pump beam waist ( $z_{0}$ ) [mm]	4	4
Pump beam quality ( $M_{p}^{2}$ )	175	175
Pump quantum efficiency ( $η_{p}$ )	1.84 [9]	1.88 [4]
Pump wavelength ( $λ_{p}$ ) [nm]	790	790
Laser wavelength ( $λ_{l}$ ) [ $μm$ ]	1.94	1.94
Unsaturated pump absorption coefficient ( $α_{0}$ ) [ ${cm}^{- 1}$ ]	1.3 (measured)	1.8 (measured)
Effective stimulated emission cross section ( $σ_{em} (λ_{l})$ ) [ ${cm}^{2}$ ]	$1 \times 10^{- 21}$ [1]	$3.8 \times 10^{- 21}$ [12]
Upper level lifetime ( $τ_{2}$ ) [ms]	14 [27]	4.4 [34]
Total up-conversion rate ( $k_{Σ}$ ) [ ${cm}^{3} / s$ ]	0	0
Resonator round-trip loss (Δ)	1.5% (estimated)	5.5% (estimated)

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