Growth, spectroscopy, and tunable laser operation of the disordered crystal LiGd(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> doped with ytterbium

Mauricio Rico; Uwe Griebner; Valentin Petrov; Pilar Ortega; Xiumei Han; Concepción Cascales; Carlos Zaldo

doi:10.1364/JOSAB.23.001083

Growth, spectroscopy, and tunable laser operation of the disordered crystal $LiGd ({MoO}_{4})_{2}$ doped with ytterbium

Mauricio Rico, Uwe Griebner, Valentin Petrov, Pilar Ortega, Xiumei Han, Concepción Cascales, and Carlos Zaldo

Journal of the Optical Society of America B
Vol. 23,
Issue 6,
pp. 1083-1090
(2006)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.23.001083

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Mauricio Rico, Uwe Griebner, Valentin Petrov, Pilar Ortega, Xiumei Han, Concepción Cascales, and Carlos Zaldo, "Growth, spectroscopy, and tunable laser operation of the disordered crystal LiGd(MoO₄)₂ doped with ytterbium," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23, 1083-1090 (2006)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers and Laser Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Infrared and far-infrared lasers (140.3070)
- Laser materials (140.3380)
- Lasers, diode-pumped (140.3480)
- Lasers, solid-state (140.3580)
- Lasers, tunable (140.3600)
- Rare earth and transition metal solid-state lasers (140.5680)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 11, 2005
- Revised Manuscript: January 9, 2006
- Manuscript Accepted: January 24, 2006

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Abstract

The disordered crystal ${LiGd}_{0.936} {Yb}_{0.064} ({MoO}_{4})_{2}$ was grown with high optical quality by the flux method using ${Li}_{2} {MoO}_{4}$ as a solvent. The crystal possesses tetragonal symmetry belonging to the space group $I \bar{4}$ , with two nonequivalent sites occupied by the dopant. Spectroscopic studies at 5 and $300 K$ provided information on the Stark energy-level splitting and the absorption and emission cross sections of the ${Yb}^{3 +}$ ion. Laser operation of ${Yb}^{3 +}$ was obtained for the first time in such a Li-containing double tungstate or molybdate. The tuning range with a Ti:sapphire laser pumping extended over $\sim 32 nm$ for the σ polarization and $23 nm$ for the π polarization. Without a tuning element the laser performance was similar for the two polarizations. By using a 10% transmission output coupler, a maximum output power of $\approx 470 mW$ was obtained with a slope efficiency $η = 64.5 %$ and the absorbed pump power at threshold was $520 mW$ . Laser operation was also achieved by pumping with a tapered diode laser and a fiber-coupled diode laser module, with a Yb laser output power of $0.66 W$ in the latter case.

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Wavelength $(Å)$	0.71073
Crystal system, space group	Tetragonal, $I \bar{4}$
Unit cell dimensions $(Å)$	$a = b = 5.1814 (10)$
	$c = 11.285 (3)$
Volume $(Å^{3})$	302.98(11)
Z, calculated density $(Mg ∕ m^{3})$	2, 5.306
Absorption coefficient $({mm}^{- 1})$	14.894
$F (000)$	430
Crystal size (mm)	$0.20 \times 0.20 \times 0.10$
θ range for data collection (deg)	4.33–28.85
Limiting indices	$- 6 ⩽ h ⩽ 2$ , $- 6 ⩽ k ⩽ 6$ , $- 12 ⩽ l ⩽ 13$
Reflections collected/independent (unique)	686/296 $[R (int) = 0.0263]$
Absorption correction	SADABS
Refinement method	Full matrix least squares on $F^{2}$
Data, restraints, parameters	296, 2, 34
Goodness of fit on $F^{2}$	1.119
Final R indices $[I > 2 σ (I)]$	$R_{1} = 0.0583$ , $w R_{2} = 0.1998$
R indices (all data)	$R_{1} = 0.0605$ , $w R_{2} = 0.2060$
Extinction coefficient	0.1009(9)
	Site, atomic coordinates $(\times 10^{4})$ , $U_{(eq)}$ :
$Gd (1) ∕ Yb (1) ∕ Li (1)$	$2 d$ 5000 0 2500, 9(2)
$Gd (2) ∕ Yb (2) ∕ Li (2)$	$2 b$ 5000 5000 0, 7(1)
$Mo (1)$	$2 a$ 0 0 0, 9(1)
$Mo (2)$	$2 c$ 0 5000 2500, 9(1)
$O (1)$	$8 f$ 2425(16) 1540(20) 857(10), 12(2)
$O (2)$	$8 f$ 2401(18) 3490(20) 1657(14), 25(3)

Site	$2 b$	$2 d$
$E^{0}$	4608.7
ζ	2902.2
$B_{0}^{2}$	486	516
$B_{0}^{4}$	$- 612$	$- 600$
$B_{4}^{4}$	$\pm 652$	$\pm 630$
$B_{0}^{6}$	$- 51$	$- 97$
$B_{4}^{6}$	$\pm 531$	$\pm 522$
$S_{4}^{6}$	$\pm 123$	$\pm 105$
${}^{2}F_{5 ∕ 2} (2^{'})$	10,623	10,628
${}^{2}F_{5 ∕ 2} (1^{'})$	10,361	10,353
${}^{2}F_{5 ∕ 2} (0^{'})$	10,263	10,266
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (3)$	475	483
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (2)$	328	322
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (1)$	211	206
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (0)$	0	3


Wavelength $(Å)$	0.71073
Crystal system, space group	Tetragonal, $I \bar{4}$
Unit cell dimensions $(Å)$	$a = b = 5.1814 (10)$
	$c = 11.285 (3)$
Volume $(Å^{3})$	302.98(11)
Z, calculated density $(Mg ∕ m^{3})$	2, 5.306
Absorption coefficient $({mm}^{- 1})$	14.894
$F (000)$	430
Crystal size (mm)	$0.20 \times 0.20 \times 0.10$
θ range for data collection (deg)	4.33–28.85
Limiting indices	$- 6 ⩽ h ⩽ 2$ , $- 6 ⩽ k ⩽ 6$ , $- 12 ⩽ l ⩽ 13$
Reflections collected/independent (unique)	686/296 $[R (int) = 0.0263]$
Absorption correction	SADABS
Refinement method	Full matrix least squares on $F^{2}$
Data, restraints, parameters	296, 2, 34
Goodness of fit on $F^{2}$	1.119
Final R indices $[I > 2 σ (I)]$	$R_{1} = 0.0583$ , $w R_{2} = 0.1998$
R indices (all data)	$R_{1} = 0.0605$ , $w R_{2} = 0.2060$
Extinction coefficient	0.1009(9)
	Site, atomic coordinates $(\times 10^{4})$ , $U_{(eq)}$ :
$Gd (1) ∕ Yb (1) ∕ Li (1)$	$2 d$ 5000 0 2500, 9(2)
$Gd (2) ∕ Yb (2) ∕ Li (2)$	$2 b$ 5000 5000 0, 7(1)
$Mo (1)$	$2 a$ 0 0 0, 9(1)
$Mo (2)$	$2 c$ 0 5000 2500, 9(1)
$O (1)$	$8 f$ 2425(16) 1540(20) 857(10), 12(2)
$O (2)$	$8 f$ 2401(18) 3490(20) 1657(14), 25(3)

Site	$2 b$	$2 d$
$E^{0}$	4608.7
ζ	2902.2
$B_{0}^{2}$	486	516
$B_{0}^{4}$	$- 612$	$- 600$
$B_{4}^{4}$	$\pm 652$	$\pm 630$
$B_{0}^{6}$	$- 51$	$- 97$
$B_{4}^{6}$	$\pm 531$	$\pm 522$
$S_{4}^{6}$	$\pm 123$	$\pm 105$
${}^{2}F_{5 ∕ 2} (2^{'})$	10,623	10,628
${}^{2}F_{5 ∕ 2} (1^{'})$	10,361	10,353
${}^{2}F_{5 ∕ 2} (0^{'})$	10,263	10,266
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (3)$	475	483
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (2)$	328	322
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (1)$	211	206
${}^{2}F_{7 ∕ 2} (0)$	0	3

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