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Multibeam-waist modes in an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser

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Abstract

We studied both numerically and experimentally the transverse modes near degenerate resonator configurations such as g1g2=1/4, 1/2, 3/4 in a simple plano–concave Nd:YVO4 laser with a small pump size. We found that there are stationary modes that show an additional beam waist besides the well-known waist on the flat mirror end near g1g2=1/4, 3/4. When the specific modes of the three degeneracies propagate through a lens, they are capable of exhibiting multiple beam waists. The multibeam-waist mode possesses a small waist size without a ring structure in the near field on the flat mirror end; nevertheless, it has a far-field pattern with many concentric rings. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental observations. Furthermore, by simultaneously considering the wavelike and the raylike character of the multibeam-waist mode, we found that it can be represented as a superposition of N consecutive round-trip electric fields of period-N solution in the degenerate empty cavity, where N=2 for g1g2=1/2 and N=3 for g1g2=1/4, 3/4.

© 2003 Optical Society of America

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